基于MaxEnt模型的检疫性害虫小蔗螟在中国的潜在分布预测

小蔗螟是重要的检疫性害虫,许多国家将其列入检疫性害虫名录,主要危害甘蔗、玉米等作物。本研究基于小蔗螟分布记录,结合环境数据,采用MaxEnt软件对其在中国潜在分布区进行预测。结果表明：小蔗螟在我国的高度和中度适生区主要分布在海南、云南、广东、广西及福建等。影响小蔗螟分布的最主要环境变量是最暖季平均降雨量和温度变化方差。阐明小蔗螟在我国潜在地理分布及限制其分布的环境变量,可为我国的检疫工作提供理论依据。     

商品肉鸡非典型新城疫的防制

近年来,随着我国农村肉鸡养殖业的较快发展,养殖户对新城疫（ND）的免疫预防都非常重视,普遍进行了ND的免疫接种.因此,典型的ND已很难再见到,剖检时也很少再见到典型ND的特征性病变,给ND的诊断和防制带来了一定的难度,同时给农村养鸡户带来了很大的经济损失.     

比利时野猪非洲猪瘟防控

2018年9月,比利时公共健康研究院(国家非洲猪瘟参考实验室)确认在瓦隆地区发现野猪感染非洲猪瘟病毒,毒株与2007年欧洲首例非洲猪瘟病毒株非常相似。欧盟和比利时通过采取卓有成效的控制措施,截至目前未发生家猪感染病例。主要防控经验:一是出台法规,组建非洲猪瘟政策委员会,及时评估和措施调整;二是根据OIE的原则要求建立管控区,借助人工屏障和自然屏障,防止感染野猪跨区域移动;三是完善养殖企业生物安全管理制度,防止野猪和家猪的接触,并通过SANITEL系统对境内的所有家猪开展标识追溯,防止高风险地区家猪的非法移动;四是做好宣传,使兽医、养殖户、狩猎者了解非洲猪瘟相关认知,确保防控义务落实到人。     

Metabolomics Tools Assisting Classic Screening Methods in Discovering New Antibiotics from Mangrove Actinomycetia in Leizhou Peninsula

Mangrove actinomycetia are considered one of the promising sources for discovering novel biologically active compounds. Traditional bioactivity- and/or taxonomy-based methods are inefficient and usually result in the re-discovery of known metabolites. Thus, improving selection efficiency among strain candidates is of interest especially in the early stage of the antibiotic discovery program. In this study, an integrated strategy of combining phylogenetic data and bioactivity tests with a metabolomics-based dereplication approach was applied to fast track the selection process. A total of 521 actinomycetial strains affiliated to 40 genera in 23 families were isolated from 13 different mangrove soil samples by the culture-dependent method. A total of 179 strains affiliated to 40 different genera with a unique colony morphology were selected to evaluate antibacterial activity against 12 indicator bacteria. Of the 179 tested isolates, 47 showed activities against at least one of the tested pathogens. Analysis of 23 out of 47 active isolates using UPLC-HRMS-PCA revealed six outliers. Further analysis using the OPLS-DA model identified five compounds from two outliers contributing to the bioactivity against drug-sensitive A. baumannii. Molecular networking was used to determine the relationship of significant metabolites in six outliers and to find their potentially new congeners. Finally, two Streptomyces strains (M22, H37) producing potentially new compounds were rapidly prioritized on the basis of their distinct chemistry profiles, dereplication results, and antibacterial activities, as well as taxonomical information. Two new trioxacarcins with keto-reduced trioxacarcinose B, gutingimycin B (16) and trioxacarcin G (20), together with known gutingimycin (12), were isolated from the scale-up fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. M22. Our study demonstrated that metabolomics tools could greatly assist classic antibiotic discovery methods in strain prioritization to improve efficiency in discovering novel antibiotics from those highly productive and rich diversity ecosystems.     

Cybrid/hybrid plants regenerated from somatic fusions between male sterile Satsuma mandarin and seedy tangelos

Somatic hybridization provides an alternative for transferring mitochondria-encoded cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Herein, symmetric protoplast electrofusion was conducted between embryogenic callus protoplasts of Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Guoqing No. 1 (G1), a CMS cultivar, and mesophyll-derived protoplasts of seedy ‘Page’ tangelo [C. reticulata Blanco × (C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.)] or ‘Nova’ tangelo [C. reticulata Blanco × (C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.)], to transfer CMS trait. Flow cytometry analysis showed that 14 plants recovered from G1 + ‘Page’ tangelo that displayed typical morphological character of ‘Page’ were diploid, and 6 plants regenerated from G1 + ‘Nova’ tangelo were tetraploid. Genetic compositions of regenerated plants from the two fusions were determined by SSR, CAPS and chloroplast-SSR analysis. Cybrid nature of diploids from G1 + ‘Page’ tangelo with nuclear DNA from ‘Page’, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the G1 and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) derived from either parent was confirmed. Tetraploid plants from G1 + ‘Nova’ tangelo were identified as somatic hybrids with random cpDNA inheritance. The regenerated cybrid and hybrid plants hold great potential for Citrus seedless breeding at diploid or triploid levels.     

农业生物技术研究进展概况

农业生物技术在农业中的应用十分广泛,通过生物的方法来改善生产,使得生态能够得到更好地平衡,从而促进农业能够更好地可持续发展.     

应用PCR技术检测空肠弯曲菌及结肠弯曲菌的研究

本研究根据空肠弯曲菌及结肠弯曲菌的16s rRNA基因相同保守序列来设计引物,建立了一种PCR检测方法,该方法具有较强的特异性及灵敏性,其对空肠弯曲菌及结肠弯曲菌的最低检测限度为5 CFU/mL,它无需增菌培养过程可以直接对样品进行检验,在对鸡肉样品空肠弯曲菌及结肠弯曲菌的检测中取得了较好的效果.     

和桑尼在一起的日子

读者朋友,请打开您的电脑,轻移鼠标,在搜索网站输入“女警带犬跳绳”,随着页面的跳转,缓缓进入眼帘的是一名女警和一头活泼可爱的史宾格犬演绎的人犬跳绳的和谐画面,那就是我和桑尼。     

胡萝卜新品种因卡高产栽培技术

胡萝卜因卡属中晚熟品种,在同安区新店等镇一般于10月上旬播种,翌年3月上旬收获,生育期150d左右.大田平均产量7.50万～8.25kg/hm2左右.该品种植株叶丛较直立,叶片绿色,2～3回羽复叶最后裂片,长35～40cm,叶柄浅绿色,有绒毛,长18cm左右.果根色泽鲜红,表皮光滑,长圆柱形,肉质根长25cm左右,肉质根头部直径5cm左右,单根重400～500g,芯肉皮呈深红色,肉质细嫩、味甘甜,优质,商品性好,耐储运.该品种的外观、口感、规格等均符合加工出口产品标准.经多年田间调查,抗倒伏,抗病性强,未发现危害性病害,耐寒性强,耐旱性中.适宜砂壤土种植.其栽培技术如下:     

西双版纳海巴戟炭疽病和病原菌分生孢子萌发、附着胞形成条件的研究

对西双版纳海巴戟炭疽病进行调查和病原菌鉴定。结果表明,海巴戟炭疽病周年发生,8月的发病率和病情指数最高,分别为40.76%和8.9。根据病原菌形态特征,将其鉴定为瓜类炭疽菌［Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. &; Mont)］。有关温度、pH、光照和碳源对病原菌孢子萌发和附着胞形成影响的研究显示,20～35 ℃,海巴戟炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发率高,20 ℃是形成附着胞的最适温度;最适合海巴戟炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发和形成附着胞的pH为4～8;在日光灯连续光照、12 h光暗交替和自然光照射条件下分生孢子萌发率在90%以上,光照对此病原菌附着胞形成的影响差异不大;1%葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、D果糖和α 乳糖溶液中孢子萌发率都不高。