生猪绿色健康养殖探究

进入新世纪,我国的畜牧业已经开始向绿色健康养殖方向转变。本文着重研究和探讨了生猪集约化生态养殖技术及其在共建节约型畜牧业、保护生态环境以及保障食品卫生安全,加快实现畜牧业全面持续发展所具有的重要现实意义和深远的历史意义。     

Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance,gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers

This study was to investigate the effect of oxidized wheat gluten (OG) on growth performance, gut morphology and its oxidative states of broilers. One hundred and eighty‐day‐old male broilers (10 chicks/pen) were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments: control diet (CON), diet with 8% wheat gluten (WG) and diet with 8% OG with six pens/treatment. Body weight (BW) (21 and 35 days) and average daily gain (ADG) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) decreased (p < .05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) increased (p < .05) in OG treatment. Feed intake (FI) decreased (p < .05) in WG and OG treatments during 22–35 days. However, FI was not influenced by dietary treatments during 1–21 days (p > .05). The OG‐fed broilers had a lower faecal pH value (p < .05) and higher faecal moisture content (p < 05) at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Villus height, crypt depth and V/C value were not different (p > .05) among treatments at 21 and 35 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) (21 and 35 days) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (35 days) content in crop of OG treatment increased (p < .05). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (21 days), LPO (21 and 35 days) and MDA (21 and 35 days) content in ileum of OG treatment increased (p < .05). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) (21 days) and (GSH) (35 days) in ileum of OG treatment decreased (p < .05). The present findings indicate that OG might be a stressor for broiler gut, which could induce oxidative stress both in crop and in ileum, and the diarrhoea as well. The growth performance of broiler was consequently depressed.     

银杏防御素对仔猪生长性能及免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在通过在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加银杏防御素,研究其对仔猪生长性能及免疫指标的影响,以期为生产上提供安全、环保、高效的绿色饲料添加剂.试验选择断奶后体重约为7 kg的“杜×长×大”仔猪120头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组5个重复,每个重复12头猪.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2％银杏防御素的试验饲粮.试验期21 d.结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组末重提高了8.92％(P ＜0.05),腹泻率极显著降低(P＜0.01),料重比降低了7.27％(P ＜0.05);血清免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白A含量分别提高了13.03％(P ＜0.05)、12.27％(P ＜0.05)、7.89％(P ＞0.05),血清白蛋白和总蛋白含量分别提高了19.97％(P ＜0.05)和14.97％(P ＜0.05),血液T淋巴细胞转化率提高了8.25％(P ＞0.05),血液白细胞介素2含量提高了15.25％(P ＜0.01).由此可见,银杏防御素可提高仔猪生长性能和免疫指标,降低腹泻率.     

A serological survey of Akabane virus infection in cattle and sheep in northwest China

Purpose

Akabane disease characterized mainly by fetal damage is a ruminant disease caused by insect-transmitted Akabane virus infection.

Methods

We investigated Akabane disease using serum neutralization tests in 446 blood samples collected from 187 cattle and 259 sheep of Xinjiang province, northwest China.

Results

(1) The overall prevalence rate of neutralizing antibody was 19.06?% (85/446), (2) the prevalence rates of Akabane disease in cattle and sheep were 20.32?% (38/187) and 18.15?% (47/259), respectively, (3) the disease prevalence rates were not significantly different between cattle and sheep, but significantly different among samples collected from different sampling months, (4) the disease was most prevalent in July when mosquitoes and culicoides were most active, and (5) the disease prevalence rates were significantly different between individuals with abortion experience and without abortion experience (P?<?0.05), suggesting that Akabane virus infection may significantly increase abortion risk in cattle and sheep.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming that Akabane virus infection is common in cattle and sheep of Xinjiang province, northwest China and providing useful epidemiological information for cattle and sheep abortion prevention and control.     

锌、铜对实验性钼中毒绵羊肝脏、肾脏中钼含量的影响

小尾寒羊20只,随机分为5组,分别口服钼、铜和锌(mg/kg),Ⅰ组30mg/kg钼、Ⅱ组30mg/kg钼+15mg/kg铜、Ⅲ组30mg/kg钼+15mg/kg锌、Ⅳ组30mg/kg钼+15mg/kg铜+15mg/kg锌,Ⅴ组去离子水。试验90d期满,采取肝脏和肾脏,硫酸-高氯酸消化,原子吸收法测定钼、锌、铜含量,结果显示,Ⅰ组肝脏钼含量与第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01);Ⅳ组肝脏铜含量与Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01),与Ⅱ组差异显著(P<0.05),Ⅱ组肝铜含量与Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01);组间肝脏锌含量均差异极显著(P<0.01)。Ⅰ、Ⅲ组肾钼含量显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P<0.01);Ⅱ与Ⅳ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01);肾铜含量Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组差异极显著(P<0.01);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01);各组肾脏锌含量差异均极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,30mg的钼可使肝脏钼含量显著增加(P<0.01),锌、铜含量降低。锌对肝脏钼有很好的颉抗作用,铜、锌有效地降低了钼在组织中的蓄积。     

山羊成纤维生长因子受体（FGFR1）基因的多态性检测

选择与羊同源性较高的牛FGFR1基因组序列（NM_001110207）设计3对特异性引物,采用DNA池PCR直接测序法快速检测黔北麻羊FGFR1基因的多态性,并以内蒙古白绒山羊和关中奶山羊比较,结果表明：在引PCR产物中只有黔北麻羊检测到多态,分别处于外显子5和内含子5的T133C和C211T的碱基突变,而其他2个品种...     

饲料中Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn对异育银鲫器官、组织相应元素的影响及其相关性研究

以异育银鲫为试验对象,在实用饲料中按照L9(34)正交设计方案补充Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn,经过60 d养殖后,分析鱼体器官、组织与饲料中Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn 4种微量元素的含量、相互比例的相关性。试验结果表明,Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn在鱼体各器官、组织中具有明显的分布特征:鳍中的Fe、Mn、Zn,头骨中的Cu、Mn、Zn,心脏、肝胰脏、脊椎骨中的Fe、Cu,全鱼Cu、Zn,脾中Cu、Mn,肾脏中Mn、Zn,肌肉、卵、肠中Cu,鳃骨中的Zn,鳞中的Mn受饲料中相应元素供给量的影响很大;鱼体器官、组织中Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn比例模式有3种基本类型,脾、肌肉、脑、心脏、肾脏和全鱼属于Fe比例高的类型(称为高Fe型),与饲料中的Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn比例模式非常相近,具有显著的相关性;脊椎骨、鳃骨、肠、头骨和鳍中Fe、Zn两者比例比较接近,属于Fe、Zn比较高的类型(称为高Fe、高Zn型),而鳞和卵属于Zn比例高的类型(高Zn型),这两类类型的Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn比例与饲料中比例模式相关性差。     

非洲猪瘟防控的经验和误区

自从2018年8月我国报告首例非洲猪瘟疫情以来,经过3年多的艰难探索,我们面对非洲猪瘟疫情从最初的恐惧和束手无策,到现在的精准清除和“与狼共舞”,疫情防控从被动应对进入到常态化管理和无疫小区建设阶段;非洲猪瘟可防可控的预测得到了实践证明。但是由于我国幅员辽阔,养猪模式多样,疫情防控水平参差不齐;非洲猪瘟疫情零星散发的风险持续存在。下面就我们的观察和调查,对近年来非洲猪瘟防控上的一些经验和误区进行简要分析。     

无针免疫猪圆环病毒2型亚单位疫苗效果评价

为评价用无针注射器接种猪圆环病毒2型亚单位疫苗的安全性及免疫效果,为无针免疫的使用、推广提供数据支撑,将40头3～5周龄三元猪随机均分为4组,即有针注射1头份剂量组以及无针注射低（1/4头份）、中（1/2头份）、高（1头份）剂量组,分别于第1、21天开展两次免疫,观察试验前后动物的临床症状、体重变化,并对第7、14、21、28、42天各组动物体内抗体水平变化及免疫效率等进行研究。结果显示：采用无针注射器进行免疫时动物疼痛反应较小,注射速度快,免疫后各组动物精神状态、饮食、饮水、自发活动等无异常;与有针注射组动物相比,减量注射（1/4头份）可以显著促进仔猪增重（P <0.05）,同时可以达到和有针注射同样的免疫效果（P> 0.05）;同等剂量亚单位疫苗注射免疫后,无针免疫组动物体内抗体水平更高（P <0.01）,且各组动物体内抗体阳性率均可有效维持至试验结束。结果表明,用无针注射器接种猪圆环病毒2型亚单位疫苗安全性高、耐受性好、有效性稳定,无针注射器减量免疫可以达到有效保护作用的同时促进了仔猪生长,可尝试推广应用。