杜仲叶影响绵羊血清代谢组学的研究

为探索杜仲叶（Eucommia ulmoides leaves,EUL）对绵羊营养代谢和生理功能的影响,本研究选取25~30 kg、70~80日龄的湖羊30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,分别为对照组（无杜仲叶日粮组,CTL）、低剂量添加组（10%杜仲叶日粮组,EUL1）、高剂量添加组（20%杜仲叶日粮组,EUL2）。预试期15 d,正试期90 d。试验结束时,通过静脉采血,离心后分别取血浆和血清,血浆用于生化分析,血清用于代谢组学分析。结果显示,饲喂杜仲叶后,EUL1和EUL2组绵羊血浆中葡萄糖、非酯化脂肪酸、高密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白均升高,EUL2组与CTL组差异显著或极显著（P<0.05;P<0.01）,EUL1组与CTL组差异不显著（P>0.05）;EUL1和EUL2组尿素较CTL组极显著降低（P<0.01）,总胆固醇水平显著降低（P<0.05）,EUL1和EUL2组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。血清样品采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪（LC-MS）进行检测,在正模式下得到593个代谢物,在负模式下得到1 570个代谢物。通过主成分分析（PCA）、偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）及正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）发现,各试验组间的差异代谢物较多,能将其得分图明显区分。进一步对变量重要性因子大于1.0（VIP>1.0）的代谢物进行t检验后发现,各组之间有24种特征代谢物差异显著（P<0.05）。这些差异代谢物涉及体内葡萄糖、脂肪酸和氨基酸等的代谢,有的代谢物还与动物的免疫机能相关。杜仲叶饲料对绵羊的营养代谢、生理状态和免疫状况可产生明显的影响,代谢组学可有针对性地分析代谢物发生的步骤及生理作用,为阐明杜仲叶影响营养代谢的机制提供参考。     

伪狂犬病毒GDSH株的分离鉴定及gE基因的序列分析

从广东四会某猪场分离到一株疑为猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)的病毒,病毒在猪肾细胞上出现细胞变圆、拉网、融合等典型病变,并具有细胞泛嗜性特点。在MDCK细胞上测得其TCID50值为10-8/0.1mL,能被伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性血清中和。将0.1mL病毒液接种小鼠后发生奇痒并麻痹致死,接种猪3天后发病,7天死亡,从攻毒病死猪的脑组织病理切片上观察到典型的病毒性脑膜脑炎及血管套现象。通过PCR扩增到PRVgD基因,由此进一步证明所分离病毒为猪伪狂犬病毒,并命名为GDSH株。根据GenBank中发表的序列,设计一对扩增PRVgE基因的特异性引物,建立可以区分PRV野毒株与疫苗株的PCR诊断方法。以此方法对病毒的细胞培养液进行检测,结果证实所分毒株为PRV野毒株,经克隆测序后与GenBank收录的其它PRVgE基因序列进行比较,发现所测毒株的核苷酸序列与其它PRV毒株的同源性介于98.3%～99.9%之间,其中与PRVEa株的亲缘关系最近为99.9%。     

云南楚雄州山羊焦虫病发生原因及防治对策探讨

山羊焦虫病是由焦虫寄生于山羊网状内皮细胞（红细胞、淋巴细胞）内引起的血液原虫性疾病,主要表现为持续高热,贫血,血液稀薄等,可引起大批死亡,直接威胁着养羊业的发展。焦虫在楚雄州某些地区的山羊中不同程度存在,可能由于品种特性（抵抗力）或产生带虫免疫,多表现为零星散发,往往忽视对该病的关注,直到从外地引入种羊时,出现羊群集中发病和死亡,经血液涂片染色检查发现虫体和采取相应的药物治疗控制本病后,才被证实山羊焦虫在楚雄州部分地区存在,这为山羊焦虫病的防治,保障楚雄州山羊生产的健康发展提供了科学依据。     

三江白猪心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因多态性及多态片段的序列分析

利用PCR-RFLP方法测定80头三江白猪H-FABP基因的多态性并对其多态性片段进行了序列分析。结果表明,HinfⅠ-RFLP和MspⅠ-RFLP位点上没有表现多态性,基因型分别为HH和AA型;只存在HaeⅢ-RFLP和HinfⅠ＊-RFLP位点多态性,基因型分别为DD、Dd、dd和Bb、bb型,等位基因b的频率为0.95,等位基因d的频率为0.75。在HinfⅠ＊-RFLP位点上,PIC为低度多态（PIC〈0.25）;HaeⅢ-RFLP位点上PIC为中度多态（0.25     

基于体外细胞模型的霉菌毒素毒性评价

霉菌毒素是由多种真菌产生的次级代谢产物,广泛存在于食品和饲料中。霉菌毒素污染的粮食和饲料会给畜牧业生产和畜产品质量安全带来极大隐患。研究霉菌毒素致毒机理,为今后研究其对动物及人的影响开展更深入更全面的研究提供理论依据。细胞模型作为一种常用的体外试验方法广泛用于毒理学研究中。本文简述了黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和展青霉素(PAT)的一般特性,并综述了利用细胞模型进行AFB_1、OTA、DON、ZEA和PAT毒性、联合毒性及致毒机理研究的进展。     

Survey and Analysis of Common Diseases of Laboratory Monkeys in Kunming Area

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.     

盐胁迫对5份无芒雀麦苗期生长和生理生化的影响及综合性评价

为了明确不同无芒雀麦苗期耐盐能力的强弱,本研究选择5份不同株型的无芒雀麦作为供试材料。根据新疆土壤盐碱成分设置中性盐(M盐)：NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃=1∶4∶0和碱性盐(A盐)：NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃=1∶1∶8两种处理,于三叶期每盆一次性浇灌2 L电导率(EC)为20 ms·cm^-1的盐处理液,CK浇灌等量自来水。处理30 d后测定生长指标、叶绿素荧光特性参数、丙二醛(MDA)和渗透调节物质含量,并通过相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析对13个指标进行分析评价。结果表明：除F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o外,盐胁迫显著影响其余11个指标,且5份材料间差异显著(P<0.05);5份无芒雀麦的株高、茎粗、分蘖数、地上生物量、根冠比、MDA和脯氨酸含量在不同盐胁迫下表现出不同的适应变...     

The antagonist activity of lipid IVa on the stimulation by lipid A of TNF-alpha production from canine blood mononuclear cells

Lipid A, the active component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exists in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and binds to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 complex. On the other hand, the synthetic precursor of Escherichia coli lipid A, tetraacylated lipid IVa, is an agonist for TLR4 and MD-2 complex in murine, equine and feline cells but is an antagonist for lipid A in human cells. The aim of the study was to examine the function of canine Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 complex on canine blood mononuclear cells (BMC), by analyzing lipid A- or lipid IVa-induction of TNF-α production from these cells in order to understand canine innate immune system. After 5-h culture of canine BMC with lipid A (lipid A culture) or lipid IVa (lipid IVa culture), the TNF-α, as determined by ELISA, had increased in the supernatants of the lipid A cultures in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the TNF-α was undetectable in supernatant of lipid IVa-treated cultures. The TNF-α was statistically significantly different between the lipid A and lipid IVa cultures (100 and 1000 ng/ml). TNF-α production from canine BMC was inhibited, in a lipid IVa-dose-dependent manner, when the BMC were pre-cultured with lipid IVa for 60 min and then cultured with lipid A for 5h, while in control BMC cultures production if TNF-α was unchanged. These results indicate that the TNF-α production stimulated by lipid A was competed out by pre-exposing the BMC to lipid IVa. Thus, lipid A is an agonist for TNF-α production in canine BMC, whereas lipid IVa appears to be an antagonist against this lipid A stimulation of canine BMC.     

应用反转录聚合酶链式反应检测鸡Th1样淋巴因子mRNA表？…

应用反转录聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）和限制性酶切分析技术对鸡脾细胞体外受到有丝分裂原ＣonＡ刺激的情况下,其Ｔh1样淋巴因子mＲＮＡ的表达水平进行了研究。实验结 果表明,ＣonＡ诱导培养３个小时的鸡脾细胞表达α－干扰素（ＣhＩＦＮ－α）、γ－干扰素（ＣhＩＦＮ－γ）和白细胞介素－２（ＣhＩＬ－２）等鸡的Ｔh1样淋巴因子mＲＮＡ 。未诱导但培养了３小时的鸡脾细胞可表达ＣhＩＦＮ－α和ＣhＩＦＮ－γmＲＮＡ,而未     

肉种鸡生产中的种蛋管理要点

从种蛋孵化出高品质的雏鸡需要经过有效的种蛋收集、消毒、冷却、储藏、运输和孵化等一系列的生产环节,这些环节的每个步骤都要做好,才不会影响胚胎的正常生长发育.