ISO/FDIS 22000饲料安全管理体系危害控制措施OPRP与HACCP计划的设计

以畜禽复合矿物质预混料生产为例基于有效的危害分析,研究了OPRP、HACCP计划的影响因素,阐明了饲料生产企业对饲料安全危害控制措施的目标、具体方法。研究并提出了OPRP和HACCP计划设计与再设计的关键要素,为饲料生产企业有效控制饲料安全危害、建立饲料安全管理体系提供指南。     

方斑东风螺池塘养殖试验

在0.16 hm2的土池中,9月投放壳高1.30~2.61 cm、体重0.90~2.68 g的方斑东风螺稚螺5.41万粒,经4个月的试养,育成商品螺243.0 kg,个体重2.5~12.0 g,平均体重5.25 g;壳高2.53~4.35 cm,平均3.05 cm;成活率86.3%,饵料系数2.3,获产值28 188元。经试验方斑东风螺对养殖环境海水水质的适应能力较强,对水温的适应范围较广,是一种优良的海水养殖品种,适合南方池塘养殖。     

鲫和鳜主要过敏原小清蛋白的基因克隆及序列分析

小清蛋白(parvalbumin, PV)是鱼类的主要过敏原, 为分析淡水鱼PV的序列及结构特征,采用RT-PCR方法, 从鲫和鳜肌肉中分别克隆得到2种小清蛋白的基因序列。生物信息学分析结果显示, 4种基因的序列长度均为330 bp, 编码109个氨基酸残基, 推导分子量在11.6 ku左右, 等电点为4.45~4.69。氨基酸序列分析表明, 克隆得到的这4种PV序列均含有丙氨酸-14、亮氨酸-16、半胱氨酸-19、苯丙氨酸-67、谷氨酰胺-69以及苏氨酸-79等β型PV特征性残基序列, 表明克隆的目的基因均为β型PV。鲫的2种PV序列相似性为80.73 %, 鳜的2种PV的序列相似性为83.49 %。对克隆得到的PV序列进行空间结构分析显示, 这4种PV序列均含有3个螺旋-松弛-螺旋结构, 即EF-手型结构, 其中靠近C端功能域的两个手型结构为Ca^2﹢结合位点。     

菲律宾蛤仔对镉、铜暴露的蓄积作用及其抗氧化酶系统的响应研究

研究了镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）2种重金属单一暴露下菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）肝胰腺和鳃组织内的重金属富集特征和抗氧化酶活力变化特点。结果表明,蛤仔肝胰腺与鳃对Cd、Cu的富集量随重金属浓度与暴靠时间的增加而增火,具有明显的浓度效应与时间效应;菲律宾蛤仔对Cd的富集能力高于Cu,H．肝胰腺中审盖属的蓄积量高于鳃;蛤仔肝胰腺和鳃组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱廿肽过氧化物酶（（;Px）和谷胱竹肽硫转移酶（CST）活力在暴露的某些时段被显著诱导（P〈0．05）,似随暴露时问延长或重金属浓度增加,SODf11GST活力则被显著抑制（P〈O．05）,而CPx活力随暴露时问延K逐渐恢复至对照组水平、菲律宾蛤仔肝胰腺和鳃2种组织中SOD和GST的活性变化可作为海洋Cu^2＋Cd^2＋钙染的牛物标志物．     

霍山石斛类原球茎诱导及其发育过程研究

 以霍山石斛试管苗带节茎段为材料, 诱导产生类原球茎, 并研究类原球茎发育过程。结果表 明, 霍山石斛类原球茎诱导的适宜培养基为Knudson + 2, 4-D 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1} + KT 0.05 mg·L ^{- 1} , 诱导率为25.50%。以固体静置、固液双层静置、液体静置、液体振荡4种不同培养方式进行增殖培养, 其中液体振荡培养方式更适于类原球茎快速增殖。类原球茎通过胚状体发生途径形成, 类似于合子胚的发育, 即经历原胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶胚, 最后发育为成熟胚。类原球茎发育进程大致可分为类原球茎形成期、类原球茎肥大期、茎叶分化期、茎叶形成期以及茎叶伸长期等阶段。     

13-MTD induces apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by activating MAPK pathway and inhibiting Akt signaling

［ABSTRACT］AIM: To study the effect of 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (13-MTD), a saturated branched-chain fatty acid, on apoptotic induction in breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and normal breast epithelial cells MaEC were treated with solvent or 13-MTD at concentration of 140 mg/L. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of JNK, p38, FADD and Akt after treated with 13-MTD were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: 13-MTD effectively induced apoptosis of breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and no influence to normal breast epithelial cells MaEC, which were confirmed by flow cytometry analysis, was observed. The results of Western blotting showed that obvious increase in p38 and JNK phosphorylation. No significant difference of FADD phosphorylation was observed. However, evidently decrease in Akt phosphorylation was found after treated with 13-MTD. CONCLUSION: 13-MTD was a new safe, effective chemotherapeutic drug. Its underlying mechanisms are through activating MAPK pathway and inhibiting Akt pathway to induce the cancer cells apoptosis.     

Effects of salvianolic acid B on neurons during oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction

AIM: To observe the damage induced in the primary cultured rat cortical neurons by oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction, and to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of salvianolic acid B (SalB). METHODS: Primary cultured rat cortical neurons were randomly divided into the control group, the model group and the SalB group. The cell model was established by oxygen/glucose deprivation for 3 h followed oxygen/glucose reintroduction for 24 h. The cortical neurons viability was determined by MTT assay. The leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured by chromatometry. The mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP) and the apoptosis rate were quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry. The cytosolic free calcium was assessed using LSCM. The morphologic changes of neuronal nuclei were observed by Hoechst 33342 fluorescence staining. RESULTS: Compared to the model group, the cortical neurons viability, the survival rate and the fluorescence value of MMP in the SalB group were obviously increased (P<0.05,P<0.01). In addition, in the SalB group, the leakage rate of LDH, the fluorescence intensity of cytosolic free calcium and the apoptosis rate were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The neuroprotective mechanism of SalB in the oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction neurons would be due to the fact that SalB maintains the MMP and the calcium homeostasis.     

不同贮前热处理对青种枇杷果实贮藏效应的研究

通过采用不同的贮前热处理温度和时间组合,研究白沙枇杷青种在低温条件下的贮藏的内外品质的变化.结果表明:3种贮前热处理中,B处理(45℃热水处理10 min+低温(6±1℃))的效果最好,不仅青种枇杷果实的失重率和腐烂率低;而且贮藏到30 d时,枇杷果实的固酸比最高,较好保持了果实的风味.     

不同覆盖方式土壤生态效应与成龄葡萄增产效应研究

通过小区试验研究了不同覆盖保墒灌溉措施对土壤水分动态变化、土壤温度、葡萄生长状况、生理生态指标以及产量等的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,覆盖措施明显减少了土壤水分蒸发,提高了蓄水保墒作用;覆盖措施可明显提高土壤表层温度,但随深度的增大,影响程度逐渐减小;保墒处理的果树生长势强、枝条增长量大、果粒大、产量高。草帘子覆盖措施与塑料薄膜覆盖措施效果相当。     

双孢蘑菇培养料贴堆再发酵技术

前发酵采用并排贴近式小堆群,以增加好气发酵比重,省工省时;后发酵根据二次发酵后培养料偏生、偏干或氨味3种情况,区别进行再发酵,以提高发酵品质。