The Effect of Ivermectin on Convulsions in Rats Produced by Lidocaine and Strychnine

Ivermectin is one of the most commonly used drugs in pharmacotherapy of parasitic diseases in domestic and wild animals caused by parasitic nematodes and arthropods. However, ivermectin and other avermectins very often produce side-effects in hosts. The most dominant clinical symptom of ivermectin toxicity in domestic and wild animals is CNS depression. In nematodes, the target site of ivermectin’s action is glutamate-gated chloride-channel receptor and GABA receptor. The depressive effect of ivermectin in mammals might include more than one mechanism; therefore, the anticonvulsive effect of ivermectin against convulsions caused by lidocaine and strychnine was evaluated. Ivermectin antagonized lidocaine- and strychnine-induced convulsions in rats, although these have different mechanisms. In the present study, the anticonvulsive ED₅₀ of ivermectin for lidocaine-induced convulsions was 2.44 mg/kg (95% CL 1.67 to 3.57 mg/kg), whereas for convulsions induced by strychnine it was higher at 4.25 mg/kg (95% CL 2.32 to 3.78 mg/kg). At the same time, both anticonvulsive doses are significantly lower then the observed LD₅₀ of ivermectin (18.20 mg/kg). Furthermore, flumazenil (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg), an antagonist of benzodiazepine receptors, antagonizes just one part of these anticonvulsive effects of ivermectin. Our results show the significant anticonvulsive properties of ivermectin and support the findings that ivermectin in the CNS of mammals produces multiple inhibitory effects, probably through participation in the function of GABA-sensitive and GABA-insensitive chloride channels.     

荔枝花粉母细胞减数分裂观察

【目的】从细胞水平探明荔枝花粉母细胞减数分裂行为。【方法】通过改良涂片法对荔枝品种‘妃子笑’花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中染色体行为进行系统观察。【结果】花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中存在多核仁、单价体、落后染色体、分裂不同步、不均等分裂、多分体等异常情况,为观察细胞总数的8.5%。异常情况多集中于前期Ⅰ、中期Ⅰ、前期Ⅱ和四分体时期,分别为各时期观察细胞总数的71.56%、33.33%、15.85%和31.25%,并对其形成的机制进行了讨论。【结论】分裂过程中发现的落后染色体、染色体片段、不同步以及不均等分裂等异常现象主要来源于终变期出现的较高频率的单价体,与细线期发现的多核仁现象没有直接关系,异常现象是导致多分体形成的主要原因,可导致花粉败育。异常行为的发生可能与品种、个体或气候因素有关。     

The Vertical Distribution of Soil Seed Bank and Its Restoration Implication in an Active Sand Dune of Northeastern Inner Mongolia,China

Although the functions and characteristics of soil seed banks in topsoil layers have been described for various ecosystems, the spatiotemporal pattern of the seed bank in deep soil and its ecological implications for vegetation restoration of active sand dune have not been fully explored. In 2007 and 2008, seed densities with regard to dune position, soil depth and season were investigated on an active and a stabilized sand dune of northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Seeds in the 0–10 cm topsoil layer accounted for 60% of total soil seed bank on the stabilized sand dune, while more than 40% of seeds were stored in the 50–100 cm layers on the active sand dune. Seed density declined significantly with soil depth on the stabilized sand dune, but it was relatively constant across the 0–100 cm soil profile on the active sand dune. Seed density fluctuated with soil depth on the active sand dune suggesting that seeds were either relocated upward or downward over time. Seeds of annual non‐psammophytic species accounted for the majority of soil seed bank on the stabilized sand dune, while pioneer psammophytes contributed more to the soil seed bank of the active sand dune. Our data suggest that seeds in the deep soil layers of active sand dunes account for a large proportion of the whole soil seed bank. Because of the effect of wind erosion, seeds in deep soil could be gradually exposed to shallow soil layers and potentially contribute to population recruitment and vegetation restoration on active sand dunes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

柑橘新品种‘粤丰早橘’

‘粤丰早橘’是从‘南丰蜜橘’芽变中选育出来的优良新品种,具有适应性强,丰产稳产、果实大、化渣性好等特点,平均单果质量58.33 g,可溶性固形物含量13.36%,总糖含量11.80%,总酸含量0.52%。在广东韶关地区种植,果实10月上旬成熟。     

灰葡萄孢菌胞外大分子分泌物的植物毒性及漆酶性质鉴定

采用透析的方法提取灰葡萄孢菌分泌的大于14 kD的胞外大分子物质,将其接种到番茄和菊花叶片组织,检测灰葡萄孢菌胞外大分子分泌物的植物毒性,并以鞣酸和RB亮蓝为指示剂鉴定灰葡萄孢菌胞外大分子分泌物的漆酶性质。结果显示:灰葡萄孢菌胞外大分子分泌物可导致叶片组织坏死,具有植物毒性;接种灰葡萄孢菌后第3天,鞣酸和RB亮蓝平板出现不同程度的显色反应,第6天时平板几乎完全显色,胞外大分子物质具有漆酶性质。     

Protective effect of chrysin on mice with insulin resistance

AIM: To explore the effects of chrysin on insulin resistance (IRe) in a mouse model. METHODS: Male C57 mice were randomly divided into control group, IRe group, low-dose chrysin group (IRe+chrysin-low) and high-dose chrysin group (IRe+chrysin-high). After 24 weeks, the body weight, liver index and fat mass in all mice were detected. The blood glucose, insulin level and HOMA-IR were measured to determine the changes of the insulin resistance in the animals. The oxidative stress (SOD, GSH-Px and MDA) was also measured. The mRNA expression of insulin signaling pathway molecules (IR, IRS1, IRS2, Glut2 and Glut4) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NF-κB) was analyzed by real-time PCR. The protein levels of IRS1 and p65, and their phosphorylation were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: After 24-week intervention, the indicators in IRe group were higher than those in control group, including body fat deposition, serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR and liver oxidative stress (P<0.01), indicating that the model of insulin resistance was successfully established. Low dose and high dose of chrysin decreased the body weight, serum glucose, serum insulin and HOMA-IR in the IRe mice (P<0.05). The liver oxidative stress was also reduced in both groups (P<0.05). However, no statistical difference of the indexes between IRe+chrysin-low group and IRe+chrysin-high group was observed. Chrysin upregulated the mRNA expression of IR, IRS1, IRS2, Glut2 and Glut4 (P<0.05), and down-regulated the mRNA expression of various inflammatory factors. The inhibitory effect of chrysin on the mRNA expression of NF-κB was observed (P<0.05), especially in high dose group (P<0.05). It was confirmed that the effect of chrysin on liver IRe was related with the increase in the p-IRS1 levels and decrease in the p-p65 levels by Western blot. CONCLUSION: Chrysin inhibits obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, and relieves insulin resistance and oxidative stress, which might be closely related to the regulation of insulin signaling pathway and the inhibition of inflammatory factor expression.     

过氧化氢诱导不同色素水平葡萄愈伤组织白藜芦醇及白藜芦醇苷含量差异

以不同状态的"红地球"葡萄愈伤组织为试材,采用高效液相色谱法,研究H2O2对其白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷含量的影响。结果表明:经H2O2诱导后3种愈伤组织中白藜芦醇苷含量为:红色愈伤组织褐化的愈伤组织白色愈伤组织,而白藜芦醇在白色愈伤组织中的含量高于红色和褐化的愈伤组织。2.5μM H2O2诱导红色愈伤组织24h后,白藜芦醇苷含量高达306μg/gFW,而白藜芦醇的含量变化不明显。红色愈伤组织中的白藜芦醇苷响应H2O2的胁迫较为明显,其对H2O2最佳的响应浓度为2.5μM。     

QTLs for Fusarium head blight response in a wheat DH population of Wangshuibai/Alondra‘s’

Summary A doubled haploid (DH) wheat population derived from the cross Wangshuibai/Alondra‘s’ was developed through chromosome doubling of haploids generated by anther culture of hybrids. Fusarium head blight (FHB) was evaluated for three years from 2001 to 2003 in Jianyang, Fujian Province, China, where epidemics of FHB have been consistently severe. After 307 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were screened, 110 pairs were polymorphic between Wangshuibai and Alondra`s’, and used to construct a genetic linkage map for detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A stable QTL for low FHB severity was detected on chromosomes 3B over all three years, and QTLs on chromosomes 5B, 2D, and 7A were detected over two years. Additional QTLs on chromosomes 3A, 3D, 4B, 5A, 5D, 6B and 7B showed marginal significance in only one year. Six QTLs were detected when phenotypic data from three years were combined. In addition, significant additive-by-additive epistasis was detected for a QTL on 6A although its additive effect was not significant. Additive effects (A) and additive-by-additive epistasis (AA) explained a major portion of the phenotypic variation (76.5%) for FHB response. Xgwm533-3B and Xgwm335-5B were the closest markers to QTLs, and have potential to be used as selectable markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding programs.     

Countermeasure in Consultation for Project Prospecting and Designing after the Access of China to WTO

The consultation in project prospecting and designing plays a very important role in the project construction and it is facing a great challenge after the access of China to WTO. In this paper, the countermeasure in consultation of project prospecting and designing is put forward as follows: change the idea; cultivate and develop a perfect market system; to build a market operating system in keeping with the requirement of international practice and market; to reform and perfect the trade management system; to enhance the level of the project prospecting and designing unit; to change the government's function; to strengthen the quality control to ensure the quality of the project; to form a perfect law and regulation system; to encourage and strengthen the technology reform to set a fine base for the sustainable development and to adjust and work out the encouraging policy to help the trade development.