四川及藏东南荞麦资源的调查研究

本文叙述了2010年中国农业科学院农业生物资源考察队对四川及藏东南荞麦资源的详细调查结果.考察队共调查了40个乡镇的120个村,360余个村小组,共获得荞麦资源88份,其中苦荞资源64份,甜荞资源20份,野生荞麦资源4份.当地少数民族认知有价值的荞麦资源分别是长锥大粒型资源、短锥皮薄型资源、抗病资源、抗虫资源、抗旱资源和抗寒资源等.     

论园林绿化养护管理研究分析

园林绿化工作的众多环节中,养护管理起着关键性作用,它使此项工作很好并且持续的展现在人们眼前,笔者主要针对当前园林绿化养护滞后原因,进行分析并提出有效建议,希望对后期园林绿化工作有所帮助。     

成年牦牛皮肤中血管与神经的组织学观察及HIF-1α在皮肤中的表达

本研究旨在探讨牦牛不同部位皮肤内血管和神经的分布情况,及检测低氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）在不同部位皮肤上的定位及相对表达量,探究牦牛皮肤对高原低氧环境的适应机制。采用HE、Masson’s三色和Verhoeff VG染色法,对成年牦牛皮肤内血管和神经结构进行观察与分析;采用免疫组织化学、实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白免疫印迹法,对HIF-1α的mRNA和蛋白在成年牦牛皮肤组织中表达与分布进行研究。结果表明,颈部血管与神经密度最高,前臂部和小腿部次之,跖部最低,部位间差异显著（P<0.05）。HIF-1α主要表达在表皮层、毛囊的上皮根鞘、皮脂腺、汗腺、血管、神经;颈部、前臂部和小腿部强阳性表达,跖部阳性表达。HIF-1α mRNA的相对表达量跖部明显低于其他部位（P<0.05）,其他三个部位两两比较差异不显著（P>0.05）。HIF-1α蛋白相对表达量颈部最高,跖部最低,差异显著（P<0.05）。研究结果提示,成年牦牛不同部位皮肤内不同血管和神经形态结构相似,密度从颈部到前肢再到后肢差异显著。HIF-1α的差异性表达进一步说明皮肤在牦牛适应低氧环境中发挥作用。     

Thermal features,ambient temperature and hair coat lengths: Limitations of infrared imaging in pregnant primitive breed mares within a year

Infrared thermography is a non-invasive technique which allows to distinguish between pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Detecting accurate body surface temperatures can be challenging due to external factors altering thermograph measurements. This study aimed to determine the associations between the ambient temperature, the hair coat features and the temperatures of mares' abdomens. It compared pregnant and non-pregnant mares throughout 11 months. The research was carried out on 40 Konik Polski mares, which were divided into pregnant and non-pregnant groups. The temperature (Tmax, maximal; Taver, average; Tmin, minimal) of the mares' abdomen was evaluated in two regions of interest: the whole area of the lateral surface of the mares' abdomen (Px1) and the flank area of the lateral surface of mares' abdomen (Px2). During the increasing period, the slopes in the linear regression equation did not differ significantly for ambient (Tamb) and surface temperatures in both groups. In the decreasing period, the slopes did not differ significantly for Tamb and Tmax in the non-pregnant group. They also did not differ for Tamb and Taver in Px1 and Tamb and Tmin in Px1 in both pregnant and non-pregnant groups respectively. Other slopes varied significantly (p < .001). There was no evidence of parallel changes in hair coat features and measured temperatures. The flank area appears more suitable for thermal imaging in pregnant mares due to the seasonal fluctuations in hair coat lengths.     

农业养殖经济管理问题研究

农业是我国实体经济第一大产业,农业养殖优势农业经济发展中的重要环节之一。因此,农业养殖经济发展健康与否关乎我国整个实体经济的发展状况。而农业养殖经济发展的重要内生动力在于农业养殖自身的经济管理水平,所以,加强农业养殖经济管理水平对我国农业农村经济发展具有十分重要的意义。但当前由于社会发展进程的速度大于农业养殖产业发展水平,使得农业养殖经济管理面临许多不可避免的发展困境。本文针对当前农业养殖经济管理发展所面临的的问题与风险进行了深入研究,并基于农业经济管理发展新型理念,找到帮助农业养殖经济管理摆脱困境的解决方法,从而更好的加强农业养殖经济管理水平。 [关键词]农业养殖|经济管理|健康发展     

高寒草地生长季/非生长季植被盖度遥感反演

植被盖度是刻画陆地生态系统植被覆盖的重要生态参量。以当雄县Landsat-8OLI为数据源,从10种常用植被指数中筛选出适合反演高寒草地生长季/非生长季草地植被盖度的植被指数,引入像元三分法确定端元特征值,通过不同植被指数基于像元二分模型反演植被盖度的对比分析,确定适合生长季/非生长季植被盖度最优植被指数,根据反演结果分析了研究区草地生长季/非生长季植被盖度的时空变化特征。结果表明：1）由可见光-近红外波段构建的植被指数适用生长季植被盖度反演,由短波红外构建的植被指数适用于非生长季植被盖度反演。2）基于MSACRI的像元二分模型适合非生长季植被盖度反演,基于NDVI的像元二分模型则最适用于生长季植被盖度的反演。3）研究区草地植被盖度随海拔增加呈现先增加后减少的单峰变化格局,草地集中分布于海拔4300~5100 m处。生长季植被盖度主要集中于20%~80%,非生长季绝大部分的草地盖度小于40%。研究结果可为草地生态系统碳存储、植被生产力、土壤侵蚀、生态水文等研究提供参考依据。     

浅析发酵乳霉菌零星污染来源及控制方法

霉菌在自然环境中普遍存在,而且以孢子形态随空气、水等媒介进行扩散。对食品原辅料及生产环境均可造成污染,是造成发酵乳变质的主要原因。发酵乳作为保质期较短且需冷链储运、销售的产品,零星的霉菌污染不会引起食品安全问题,但由于部分销售终端及三四线市场冷链运输缺失,造成霉菌生长,发酵乳呈现明显霉斑,导致消费者体验差,给企业品牌造成极坏影响,也影响了食品安全。本文概述了发酵乳中来自原辅料、环境、水中霉菌零星污染来源、验证方法以及相应控制措施,以期为发酵乳中霉菌控制提供参考。     

Effects of Vacuum Mixing,Water Addition,and Mixing Time on the Quality of Fresh Chinese White Noodles and the Optimization of the Mixing Process

In this study, the effects of mixing process parameters (degree of vacuum, water addition, and mixing time under vacuum) on the cooking and sensory quality properties of Chinese white noodles were investigated by using one commercial‐scale noodle production line and one typical commercial wheat flour. Noodle appearance, firmness, elasticity, smoothness, and total quality scores were significantly improved as the degree of vacuum increased from 0 to 0.06 MPa, although lower sensory scores and larger cooking losses occurred when noodles were mixed at 0.08 MPa. Noodles with a water addition of 35% had the highest total score and the highest scores for each sensory factor. As mixing time increased, the sensory score of cooked noodles increased initially and then decreased. With a mixing time of 7 min, the sensory score was the highest and cooking loss was the lowest. The results of response surface methodology indicated that fresh noodle quality was most affected by the water addition, followed by vacuum degree. Added water was a more important source of variation for appearance, firmness, stickiness, smoothness, total score, and cooking loss than degree of vacuum and mixing time, whereas degree of vacuum was the predominant source of variation for color and elasticity. The interactions between the factors had little effect on sensory and cooking properties. The optimal mixing conditions were determined to be as follows: degree of vacuum, 0.06 MPa; added water, 35.6%; and mixing time, 7.25 min. Furthermore, vacuum mixing produced a more even, coherent, and closed microstructure for the sheeted dough than nonvacuum mixing.     

木耳菌棒力学性能试验

以经过栽培的木耳菌棒为试验材料,在万能试验机上对不同含水率的菌棒试样进行剪切、压缩的力学性能试验。试验结果表明:含水率是影响菌棒剪切强度、抗压强度的重要自然因素。平均含水率分别为11.75%,21.16%,27.68%的菌棒其平均剪切强度分别为29.4k Pa、20k Pa、14.5k Pa。平均含水率分别为14.3%,24%的菌棒,其平均抗压强度分别为144.7k Pa、77.7k Pa。菌棒的含水率与剪切强度,抗压强度均呈幂指数关系。这些都为研制菌棒粉碎机械、选择粉碎参数提供了设计依据。