浅析外墙保温技术及节能新材料

针对当前我国常用的外墙保温技术及节能材料应用情况及应用前景进行了论述,阐明了在大力推广外墙保温技术的同时,还要加强新型节能材料的开发和利用,从而使建筑节能真正得以更好地实施。     

The impact of beaver dam removal on the chemical properties of water in drainage ditches in peatland forests

ABSTRACT

Despite near-extinction in the nineteenth century, after efficient restoration measures the population of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.) in Latvia currently is viable and growing. While the ecological effect of the species on water quality and biodiversity is generally positive, the high number of animals in production forests often creates challenges for management. Drainage ditches are among the most favoured habitats of beavers resulting in flooded stands, reduced tree growth and economical losses. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical properties of water in forest drainage ditches, affected by beaver activity, and their changes after the dam removal. Chemical composition of surface water in ditches was analysed in sampling points above dam, below dam and in the ditch itself after removal of the dam; results compared to pristine beaver site nearby on a small stream. Results did not show significant differences between concentrations above and below dams. After removal of the dams, significant increase in DOC, N-NO₃ ^-, N-NH₄ ⁺ and TSS concentrations and significant decrease in TP concentrations were observed in some of the sites. Observed concentrations of all measured parameters were significantly lower in pristine beaver site than in beaver sites on drainage ditches.     

我国橡实资源的开发利用

我国橡实资源非常丰富 ,有 7属 3 0 0多种 ,分布广泛 .据统计 ,我国约有橡实林 1.3 3× 10 7～ 1.67× 10 7hm2 ,年产橡实 60～ 70亿 kg.橡实营养丰富 ,橡仁含淀粉 5 0 %～ 70 %、可溶性糖 2 %～ 8%、单宁 0 .2 6%～ 17.74%、蛋白质 1.17%～ 8.72 %、油脂1.0 4%～ 6.86%、粗纤维 1.13 %～ 5 .89%、灰分 1.3 0 %～ 3 .40 % ;橡壳也含有大量的色素和单宁等成分 .橡实全身是宝 ,其开发利用的前景十分广阔 .对橡仁、橡壳进行综合利用 ,可以生产出淀粉、色素及一系列副产品 ,利用率将近 10 0 % ,几乎不产生任何污染 .同时还可以将橡实淀粉加工成变性淀粉等系列产品 ,从而提高产品的科技含量和经济价值 .我国橡实资源的开发利用不容乐观 ,存在资源破坏严重等系列问题 .为此 ,提出了旨在充分发挥资源优势、扩大利用规模、提高经济效益的开发利用的对策 .     

An explicit stem profile model for forked and un-forked teak (Tectona grandis) trees in West Africa

Studies on stem profile of teak (Tectona grandis) hardly exist. This can be possibly attributed to the occurrence of forks that is prevalent on teak trees. Stem profile model was therefore developed for teak in West Africa, which took into account the occurrence of forks. Trees were destructively sampled from Moist Evergreen Forest (MEF), Moist Semi-deciduous Forest (MSDF), Dry Semi-deciduous Forest (DSDF) and Savannah ecological zones in both Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire for the study. A single set of parameters could be used explicitly to predict stem profile of any teak tree, irrespective of country, eco-climatic zone, edaphic variables, site index, tree age, stand density and tree competition. The model efficiency and root mean square error (in relative diameter) were calculated to be 0.97 and 0.053, respectively. The relative position of the forks along the stem bole, with respect to total tree height, was highly variable and did not follow any particular trend, except higher value for the first fork in the Moist Evergreen Forest zone. However, average tree height to the first fork decreased along the ecological gradient from MEF, MSDF and DSDF to Savannah. The extent of diameter reduction due to the forks could be predicted. Relative tree form for zero-forked, one-forked and two-forked trees was calculated to be 0.39, 0.36 and 0.33, respectively. Relative loss of stem volume due to one fork and two forks was estimated to be 6.5 and 13.9%, respectively. The measured stem volume when related to the corresponding predicted value yielded coefficient and intercept not significantly different from unity and zero, respectively, with an r² value of 0.97.     

尾叶桉组织培养快速繁殖的研究

以顶芽或茎段为外植体 ,通过 4种基本培养基和生长调节剂不同浓度组合的对比试验 ,筛选出最佳增殖培养基为B1+2 0mg·L-16 -BA +1 0mg·L-1NAA ,生根培养基为B2 +0 5mg·L-1ABT1号。移栽基质选择红心土。     

利用多菌种共培养降解橡椀单宁制备鞣花酸

以橡单宁为原料 ,通过培养、分离筛选出了 14种菌株。研究了单一菌株培养和混合菌株共培养对橡单宁生物降解的影响 ,证实了用降解速率快但耐单宁性较差的菌株与耐单宁性好但降解速率较慢菌株共培养 ,可以显著提高橡单宁的生物转化率和鞣花酸的产率 ,两者分别达到 6 8%和 2 3%。所建立的生物降解的方法可用于由橡单宁制备鞣花酸     

杨背麦蛾(鳞翅目:麦蛾科)触角感器的超微结构

【目的】了解杨背麦蛾成虫触角感器的类型、数量、分布和超微形态。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术观察杨背麦蛾雌、雄蛾的触角感器。【结果】杨背麦蛾触角感器绝大部分位于触角鞭节的腹面和侧面,少部分位于柄节和梗节。基于感器外部形态可分为8种类型:Bhm氏鬃毛(BBⅠ型和BBⅡ2种亚型)、毛形感器、锥形感器(SBⅠ和SBⅡ2种亚型)、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器、鳞形感器和栓锥形感器。其中毛形、锥形和耳形感器表皮具多孔,属于嗅觉感器。雌、雄蛾触角感器形态和分布无明显差异。但雄蛾触角与雌蛾相比,亚鞭节多1~4节;毛形和锥形SBⅡ感器明显长于雌蛾;刺形和腔锥形感器基部直径雄蛾明显长于雌蛾;毛形、锥形、刺形、腔锥形和鳞形感器总数均明显多于雌蛾。【结论】杨背麦蛾触角感器种类丰富,多数具有嗅觉功能,雌、雄蛾触角感器在数量和特征上有明显的性二型现象。     

三江源国家公园利益相关者利益协调机制构建

三江源国家公园作为我国首个国家公园体制试点,在管理体制、经营模式和生态保护方面进行了较多的探索与实践并取得了一定的成效,但因其涉及的利益相关者数量较多且关系复杂,难免会出现利益矛盾和冲突,而协调好各利益方的关系将成为其发展是否成功的关键。因此,文章在分析三江源国家公园利益相关者构成和其利益诉求共性与差异点的基础上,总结了其在利益相关者协调方面的现状和问题,提出增强各利益方之间沟通和协调的利益表达与协商、分配与补偿、监督与反馈、保障与激励4个方面的具体建议,这必将有助于实现三江源国家公园利益相关者的关系协调并最终实现多方利益的共赢。     

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

塔拉提取物化学利用的研究进展

塔拉是富含没食子单宁的主要植物资料之一。本文从其自然资源、塔拉提了化学及其加工利用等几方面的研究进展作了综述。指出塔拉的工业开发利用将会有进一步的发展。