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1.
Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity
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Peter M. Kiffney Ben Cram Paul L. Faulds Karl Burton Michele Koehler Thomas P. Quinn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1037-1053
To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance. 相似文献
2.
Matthew M. Nelson Ben D. Mooney Peter D. Nichols Charles E Phleger Greg G. Smith Piers Hart Arthur J. Ritar 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2002,33(2):146-157
The lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition of juvenile Artemia fed continuously on four diets—the microalga Tetraselmis suecica , a mix of oat bran-wheat germ-lecithin (OWL), OwL-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and OWL-EPA-arachidonic acid (AA)—were examined over a 9-d experiment in an attempt to approximate the FA profile of phyllosoma larvae of wild southern rock lobster Jasus edwardrii . The main difference in lipid class composition of Artemia fed the four diets was the relative level of polar lipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG). By day 9, the algal-fed Artemia were highest in PL (95% of total lipid) and lowest in TAG (2%), whereas the remaining diets resulted in Artemia with 16–30% PL and 41–82% TAG. After 2 d, the relative FA composition of all Artemia treatments closely reflected those of the diets, with no marked change after further feeding (to day 9). In terms of the content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), by day 5 Artemia fed: 1) with the algal diet contained 7 mg/g FA dry mass (0.3% DHA, 6.3% EPA, 3.4% AA of total FA); 2) with the OWL diet contained 3 mg/g (0.3% DHA, 0.9% EPA, 0.7% AA); 3) with the OWL-EPA diet contained 55 mg/g (6.2% DHA, 11.6% EPA, 1.1% AA); and 4) with the OWL-EPA-AA contained 83 mg/g (3.8% DHA, 7.5% EPA, 17.4% AA). The PUFA profiles of Artemia using the OWL-oil diets were similar to wild rock lobster phyllmmata, although levels of doco-sahexaenoic acid (DHA) were lower (10% DHA) than in J. edwardsii larvae. On the basis of PUFA composition data alone, the results suggest the suitability of the OWL-oil mixed diets for consideration for feeding to Artemia used in the culture of southern rock lobster larvae, particularly if the level of DHA can be further enhanced. 相似文献
3.
A. Laarif S. Fattouch W. Essid N. Marzouki H. Ben Salah M. H. Ben Hammouda 《EPPO Bulletin》2003,33(2):335-338
In Tunisia, Phthorimaea operculella is an important pest in traditional, unrefrigerated potato stores. An integrated control approach including the use of biological control agents and specifically insect viruses is being developed. From this perspective, we carried out a screening and an evaluation of local Phthorimaea operculella granulosis virus naturally present in Tunisian pest populations. On the basis of symptomatology, P. operculella larvae were collected from different regions (North, Cap Bon, Sahel). Indirect ELISA using a serum raised against the purified Tunisian isolate of the virus was used to establish the geographical distribution of the virus. Comparison of the two approaches showed that symptomatology is not so virus-specific, as morphologically healthy insects were sometimes ELISA-positive. The serological technique therefore gives better detection of the virus. 相似文献
4.
Daniel A. Truchado Michaël A. J. Moens Sergio Callejas Javier Pérez-Tris Laura Benítez 《Veterinary research communications》2018,42(2):111-120
Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa of a wide variety of vertebrates, causing neoplasias or simply persisting asymptomatically. Avian papillomaviruses, with six fully sequenced genomes, are the second most studied group after mammalian papillomaviruses. In this study, we describe the first oral avian papillomavirus, detected in the tongue of a dead Yorkshire canary (Serinus canaria) and in oral swabs of the same bird and other two live canaries from an aviary in Madrid, Spain. Its genome is 8,071 bp and presents the canonical papillomavirus architecture with six early (E6, E7, E1, E9, E2, E4) and two late open reading frames (L1 and L2) and a long control region between L1 and E6. This new avian papillomavirus L1 gene shares a 64% pairwise identity with FcPV1 L1, so it has been classified as a new species (ScPV1) within the Ethapapillomavirus genus. Although the canary died after showing breathing problems, there is no evidence that the papillomavirus caused those symptoms so it could be part of the oral microbiota of the birds. Hence, future investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the virus. 相似文献
5.
家蚕微孢子虫感染家蚕对其中肠和血液蛋白酶活性影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本试验测定了不同浓度剂量微孢子虫感染家蚕后,家蚕中肠和血液中蛋白酶的变化.并对不同浓度剂量家蚕微孢子虫感染家蚕后对家蚕发育的影响和不同组织中所含微孢子虫孢子的浓度等作了初步的研究.从本实验中可以看出,感染不同浓度微孢子虫的家蚕,体内相同组织的微孢子虫数量存在显著差异.而感染相同浓度微孢子虫的蚕,不同组织中微孢子虫的数量也有差异,中肠的微孢子虫数量远高于其他部位.感染微孢子虫后,家蚕血液中的蛋白酶活性显著升高,中肠的蛋白酶的活性变化不显著,而感染微孢子虫的数量对血液和中肠中的蛋白酶的活性无显著影响. 相似文献
6.
The white-eyed river-martin (Pseudochelidon sirintarae), first discovered in 1968 at Bung Boraphet in central Thailand by professional bird-netters, was seen for the first time in the wild by an ornithologist in 1977. This species clearly overwinters in Thailand, and it is possible that it nests somewhere in Thailand or China. The species is in a precarious situation, and trapping could eliminate it unless drastic measures are taken. It is suggested that bird-netting should be reduced, and that a sanctuary should be set aside for the bird. 相似文献
7.
8.
Distribution,characteristics and condition of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) spawning grounds in a differentially eutrophicated twin‐basin lake
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9.
盈余利益分配机制是否合理、完善,对林业专业合作社能否实现成功运转至关重要。文章基于林业专业合作社各利益主体在盈余利益分配上是一个合作博弈的过程,针对传统Shapley值法只考虑贡献率的特点,考虑到林农、投资者、经营者与公司承担风险性大小的差异,利用层次分析法提出改进的Shapely值法,并通过具体算例对改进Shapely值法进行了应用。 相似文献
10.
为了解紫花苜蓿在贵州地区的适应性及耐酸铝胁迫机理,以44份紫花苜蓿品种为研究对象,研究紫花苜蓿处于酸铝胁迫下的生理变化,并揭示其生理变化与耐酸铝胁迫间的关系。利用基因与环境互作模型对两个地点1年的紫花苜蓿进行产量分析,筛选出阿尔冈金、新疆大叶苜蓿、Trifecta、Vernal和中牧1号苜蓿5个耐酸铝强适应品种。利用敏感型UC-1465和耐受型阿尔冈金进行酸铝胁迫试验。结果表明:相同处理下,耐受型紫花苜蓿的电导率、相对铝含量、死亡率显著低于敏感型;紫花苜蓿对酸铝胁迫的响应主要通过柠檬酸、苹果酸、乙酸、酒石酸、反丁烯二酸和草酸的显著(P<0.05)增加来体现,其中苹果酸的合成和分泌增多可能是其耐酸铝胁迫的重要原因。 相似文献