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161.
Twelve male buffalo calves of 10 to 12 months of age were divided into 3 groups of four each. They were fed wheat straw+concentrate
mixture +3 Kg greens. The chemical composition of the diet was same in all the three groups except fluoride which was added
(as NaF) in concentrate mixture of group B and C to make the final fluoride concentration 30 ppm and 60 ppm respectively.
The animals were kept on scheduled diet for a period of 90 days. Body weights were recorded at the start of the experiment
and at fortnightly interval thereafter. Analysis of data revealed that the dry matter intake decreased non significantly in
group B and C as compared to control group. A significant decrease in serum calcium and a significant increase in phosphorus
concentration were observed in group C animals. A significant increase was observed in alkaline phosphatase activity in group
C animals. A non significant decrease was observed in T4 values in group C animals. On the basis of these results it could be concluded that fluoride in the diet of buffalo calves
@ 30 ppm is a safe level whereas 60 ppm has affected the blood metabolites. 相似文献
162.
163.
为探讨牧民家庭人口特征和收入构成之间的关系,通过半结构式访谈调查了藏北羌塘高寒草甸、高寒草原和荒漠草原区682户牧民,比较了其家庭规模、劳动力、抚养比、草场面积、放牧强度、家庭收入及其多样性的差异,结合多元线性回归评价了家庭人口特征对收入构成的影响。结果显示:羌塘地区牧民家庭规模大(5.3人·户-1)、抚养比高(0.62)、劳动力充足(3人·户-1)但受教育年限短(2.3年),高度依赖政策性收入;高寒草甸区牧民家庭规模、劳动力数量及受教育年限、抚养比和放牧强度等指标显著高于高寒草原和荒漠草原区(P<0.05),后两者之间无显著差异;荒漠草原区牧民家庭草场面积和政策性收入较高(P<0.05);家庭规模、文盲率和抚养比是影响高寒草原和荒漠草原牧民收入构成的主要因子,人口特征对高寒草甸牧民收入影响不显著。综上所述,建议分区精准施策以提高牧民生计。 相似文献
164.
Shafarin MS Zamri-Saad M Khairani BS Saharee AA 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(5):335-340
This report describes the proliferation and transmission patterns of Pasteurella multocida B:2 among stressful goats, created through dexamethasone injections. Thirty seven clinically healthy adult goats were divided
into three groups consisted of 15 goats in group A, 11 goats in group B and the remaining 11 in group C. At the start of the
study, all goats of group A were exposed intranasally to 1.97 × 1010 CFU/ml of live P. multocida B:2. Dexamethasone was immediately administered intramuscularly for 3 consecutive days at a dosage rate of 1 mg/kg. The exposed
goats were observed for signs of HS for a period of 1 month. At the end of the 1-month period, 11 goats from group B were
introduced into and commingled with the surviving goats of group A before all goats from both groups were immediately injected
intramuscularly with dexamethasone for 3 consecutive days. The treatment with dexamethasone was then carried out at monthly
interval throughout the 3-month study period. Goats of group C were kept separately as negative control. Three surviving goats
from each group were killed at 2-week interval for a complete post-mortem examination. Two (13%) goats of group A were killed
within 24 hours after intranasal exposure to P. multocida B:2 while another two (13%) goats from the same group were killed on day 40, approximately 10 days after the second dexamethasone
injection. All four goats showed signs and lesions typical of haemorrhagic septicaemia. Bacteraemia was detected in 3 goats
of group A that were having rectal temperature higher than 41°C. The P. multocida B:2 isolation pattern was closely associated with dexamethasone injections when significantly (p < 0.05) higher rate of isolations
from both groups were observed after each dexamethasone injection. Transmission of P. multocida B:2 from goats of group A to group B was successful when P. multocida B:2 was isolated from goats of group B for a period of 28 days. There was a strong correlation between dexamethasone injections,
rate of bacterial isolation and serum cortisol level. The IgG level showed an increasing trend 2 weeks after exposure to P. multocida B:2 and remained high throughout the study period. 相似文献
165.
A study was conducted to evaluate the macro and trace mineral contents of ten enset varieties collected from Sidama zone of
southern Ethiopia. Samples of leaf lamina, leaf midrib, pseudostem and corm were taken from ten enset varieties at the age
of 5 to 6 years during the main rainy season. The dry weight of each variety and fraction were also determined. Mineral contents
in fractions of different enset varieties were analysed and compared with nutrient requirements of ruminants. The contribution
of different enset fractions to the total dry weight was variable (P < 0.05), the highest being from pseudostem and the lowest
from leaf lamina. There were varietal differences (P < 0.05) in macro and trace mineral content in different fractions except
phosphorus (P) content of leaf lamina. Most enset fractions were rich sources of major minerals such as P, potassium (K),
calcium (Ca) (except corm) and magnesium (Mg). Sodium (Na) content was very low. Most fractions were rich in iron (Fe) and
manganese (Mn), but deficient in copper (Cu), except leaf lamina. Zinc (Zn) content was high in corm, but low in other fractions.
This account of the macro and trace mineral content of different enset varieties and fractions could help in strategic supplementation
intended to alleviate mineral deficiencies. 相似文献
166.
Research in control of tick-borne diseases and trypanosomosis, and their vectors, namely, ticks and tsetse flies respectively,
has been on going for decades. However, very little attention has been paid to the socio-economic factors that are likely
to influence the outcome of the interventions in the control of these diseases. Thus, this study was designed to investigate
these factors, mainly the intra-household factors influencing decision-making in the control of Vector-borne diseases in the
pastoralist areas of Uganda. These factors included: indigenous technical knowledge, household economic factors, and gender.
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the collection and analysis of data. The tools used for data collection
included among others, participatory learning and action (PLA), and Case studies. The findings included the following: In
pastoralist households, a big proportion of the household budget was allocated to vector-borne diseases control. In the male-headed
households, men dominated decision-making on vector-borne diseases control, although the goals and priorities of men and women
in these households were not the same. Also, vector-borne disease control was predominantly by use of modern veterinary drugs,
and pastoralists treated sick cattle by themselves even in situations where there were veterinary personnel. 相似文献
167.
Salvatore Mastrangelo Slim Ben Jemaa Elena Ciani Gianluca Sottile Angelo Moscarelli Mekki Boussaha Marina Montedoro Fabio Pilla Martino Cassandro 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(6):609-621
The Valdostana is a local dual purpose cattle breed developed in Italy. Three populations are recognized within this breed, based on coat colour, production level, morphology and temperament: Valdostana Red Pied (VPR), Valdostana Black Pied (VPN) and Valdostana Chestnut (VCA). Here, we investigated putative genomic regions under selection among these three populations using the Bovine 50K SNP array by combining three different statistical methods based either on allele frequencies (FST) or extended haplotype homozygosity (iHS and Rsb). In total, 8, 5 and 8 chromosomes harbouring 13, 13 and 16 genomic regions potentially under selection were identified by at least two approaches in VPR, VPN and VCA, respectively. Most of these candidate regions were population-specific but we found one common genomic region spanning 2.38 Mb on BTA06 which either overlaps or is located close to runs of homozygosity islands detected in the three populations. This region included inter alia two well-known genes: KDR, a well-established coat colour gene, and CLOCK, which plays a central role in positive regulation of inflammatory response and in the regulation of the mammalian circadian rhythm. The other candidate regions identified harboured genes associated mainly with milk and meat traits as well as genes involved in immune response/inflammation or associated with behavioural traits. This last category of genes was mainly identified in VCA, which is selected for fighting ability. Overall, our results provide, for the first time, a glimpse into regions of the genome targeted by selection in Valdostana cattle. Finally, this study illustrates the relevance of using multiple complementary approaches to identify genomic regions putatively under selection in livestock. 相似文献
168.
Kyle L. Tofflemire R. David Whitley David M. Wong Kenneth R. Waller III Ronald K. Myers Angela E. Pillatzki Gil Ben‐Shlomo 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(2):149-152
An 11‐year‐old Oldenburg mare presented following three episodes of acute, transient blindness, ataxia, and disorientation within the preceding 7 months. Clinical improvement, including return of vision, occurred within 1 week of initiating corticosteroid therapy for each of the three episodes. However, mild right‐sided miosis was a consistent finding on ophthalmic examinations. Routine clinicopathologic testing revealed no significant abnormalities, and testing of cerebral spinal fluid for selected infectious diseases was unrewarding. Computed tomography of the brain demonstrated a hyperattenuating mass with peripheral mineralization in the rostroventral aspect of each lateral ventricle. The mare was euthanized due to a guarded to poor prognosis. On histopathology, the masses consisted of clusters of cholesterol clefts admixed with leukocytes, mineral deposits, and connective tissue. Cholesterinic granulomas of the lateral ventricles and hydrocephaly were diagnosed. Cholesterinic granulomas should be considered a differential diagnosis in horses presenting for intermittent blindness. 相似文献
169.
Charles Adarkwah Daniel Obeng-Ofori Cornel Adler Carmen Büttner Christoph Reichmuth Matthias Schöller 《Phytoparasitica》2011,39(3):223-233
The compatibility and protectant potential of Calneem® oil derived from the neem tree Azadirachta indica and two parasitoids, Habrobracon hebetor and Venturia canescens, for the control of the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the tropical warehouse moth Cadra cautella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in stored rice and wheat, were evaluated in the laboratory. Calneem® oil (= neem oil) is a biopesticide produced, registered and marketed in Ghana by AQUA AGRIC Community Projects (AACP/Caldor Ghana Ltd., Tema). It contains 0.3% azadirachtin as its major active ingredient. The oil was emulsified with water using 0.07% soap. Fourth instar moth larvae were held in grain treated with neem oil only, grain treated with one of the parasitoids only, grain treated with a combination of neem and one of the parasitoids, and a control with untreated grain. Neem oil was applied at concentrations from 5,000 to 30,000 ppm. All samples were kept in growth cabinets maintained at 25°C and 65–70% r.h. Adult emergence was recorded after 4 weeks. Parasitoid or neem treatments alone reduced the emergence of C. cephalonica and C. cautella. In general, parasitoid releases were as effective as a combination of neem oil and parasitoids. At the lowest dose, 5,000 ppm, the combination of neem and parasitoid was more effective than the neem alone. The number of adults of H. hebetor and V. canescens that emerged in rice containing either parasitoids alone or in combination with neem oil was similar. This indicates minimal or no adverse effect of neem oil on the two parasitoids. It is thus possible to incorporate neem oil in a well-designed pest management program with parasitoids. 相似文献
170.
Kuko Fuke Kana Takeshita Nanako Aoki Toshiyuki Fukuhara Mayumi Egusa Motoichiro Kodama Hiromitsu Moriyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(4):248-252
Strains of the Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata were screened for double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). Four strains had several dsRNAs; strain N18 was associated with several
dsRNAs and had impaired growth phenotypes such as irregular mycelium and abnormal pigmentation. We isolated dsRNA-cured isolates
from strain N18 by single-conidium isolation. The dsRNA-cured isolates had recovered normal growth and pigmentation. Enlarged
vesicles were observed in mycelial cells of the original dsRNA-carrying N18 strain. DAPI nuclear staining revealed regression
of the nuclei in dsRNA-carrying N18 cells. These results indicate that the dsRNAs might have negative effects, such as apoptosis-like
cell death, on the host fungus. 相似文献