黑龙江省黑木耳9个栽培菌株遗传多样性的RAPD分析

本文对黑龙江省9个黑木耳 （Auricularia auricular）栽培菌株进行PCR-RAPD扩增和群体聚类分析, 在40个10bp随机引物中,筛选出13个引物.结果表明：黑木耳不同栽培菌株之间存在着丰富的多态性（96.05%）.用引物27和引物46的RAPD扩增指纹能有效分辨9个不同菌株的基因型,这一结果有助于在早期对黑木耳栽培菌株进行快速鉴别,为规范鉴别食用菌菌种混乱的局面提供科学依据.     

城市绿地土壤肥力评价的未确知属性测度分析法

基于未确知数学理论和属性数学理论,研究了土壤肥力综合评价方法,建立了城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价及分级的未确知属性测度分析法。该方法首先需要确定城市绿地土壤肥力状况的评价指标及分类标准,以及土壤肥力状况级别组数;然后构建单指标的未确知属性测度函数,以计算单指标的未确知属性测度函数值和样本的综合未确知属性测度值;最后应用置信度准则对城市绿地土壤样本进行识别,以确定土壤样本肥力状况的级别属性。基于两个城市绿地土壤样本的模糊综合评价结果,以及13个城市绿地土壤样本的全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的评价结果进行了验证,本研究方法的评价结果与模糊综合评价法、全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的一致性分别为100%、84.62%、92.31%和100%。实例评价表明,采用该方法对城市绿地土壤肥力状况进行评价是可行的,为城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价提供了新的途径和方法。     

Map- vs. homology-based cloning for the recessive gene ol-2 conferring resistance to tomato powdery mildew

The recessive gene ol-2 confers papilla-associated and race-non-specific resistance to tomato powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici. In order to facilitate marker assisted selection (MAS) in practical breeding programmes, we identified two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and one cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker which are linked to the resistance locus and co-dominantly inherited. Aiming to provide a base for ol-2 positional cloning, we used a large segregating F₂ population to merge these markers with all the ol-2 linked amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP^®) markers previously identified in an integrated genetic map. By screening a tomato bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library, we detected two BAC clones containing two expressed sequence tags (ESTs) homologous to the gene mlo, responsible for powdery mildew resistance in barley, as well as an ol-2-linked marker. Chromosomal mapping by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) revealed major signals of the two BAC DNAs in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of the short arm of chromosome 4, in the same region where the ol-2 gene was previously mapped. The genetic and cytogenetic co-localisation between ol-2 and tomato mlo-homologue(s), in addition to the similarity of ol-2 and mlo resistances for both genetic and phytopathological characteristics, suggests that ol-2 is likely a mlo-homologue. Thus, a homology-based cloning approach could be more suitable than positional cloning for ol-2 isolation.     

辽宁省草坪杂草调查初报

在一年的时间里,对辽宁省草坪杂草进行调查、鉴定和统计,总结了辽宁省草坪杂草的种类、分布特点以及沈阳地区主要草坪杂草的危害情况。调查结果表明,辽宁省草坪杂草共有62种,隶属于27个科;沈阳地区危害较重的杂草有蒲公英（Taraxacum m ongolicum）、车前（Plantago asiatica）、光头稗（Echinochloa colonum）、荠菜（Capsella burss-pastoris）、藜（Chenopodium album）、狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、酢浆草（Oxalis corniculata）。     

野生、人工养殖哲罗鱼生化成分分析和营养品质评价

为了给哲罗鱼的营养价值和人工配合饲料的研制提供科学依据,2001～2003年4～5月、10～11月,利用现代化学分析手段,分别对乌苏里江虎头江段野生的哲罗鱼和人工养殖的哲罗鱼的肌肉、内脏营养成分进行了综合分析与评价,分析结果：色氨酸为第一限制氨基酸(AAS为0．16～0．28,CS为0．10～0．17),其它氨基酸AAS、CS都大于1;EAAI为118．14～176．05,明显高于鳜鱼(62、30)、草鱼(60．59)、鲢鱼(57．59)和鳙鱼(60．87)的肌肉。人工养殖与野生哲罗鱼的氨基酸含量和营养价值无明显差异。     

Interactive effects of biochar addition and elevated carbon dioxide concentration on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in mine spoil

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the effects of biochar on improving nitrogen (N) pools in mine spoil and examine the effects of elevated CO₂ on soil carbon (C) storage.

Materials and methods

The experiment consisted of three plant species (Austrostipa ramossissima, Dichelachne micrantha, and Lomandra longifolia) planted in the N-poor mine spoil with application of biochar produced at three temperatures (650, 750, and 850 °C) under both ambient (400 μL L^?1) and elevated (700 μL L^?1) CO₂. We assessed mine spoil total C and N concentrations and stable C and N isotope compositions (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N), as well as hot water extractable organic C (HWEOC) and total N (HWETN) concentrations.

Results and discussion

Soil total N significantly increased following biochar application across all species. Elevated CO₂ induced soil C loss for A. ramossissima and D. micrantha without biochar application and D. micrantha with the application of biochar produced at 750 °C. In contrast, elevated CO₂ exhibited no significant effect on soil total C for A. littoralis, D. micrantha, or L. longifolia under any other biochar treatments.

Conclusions

Biochar application is a promising means to improve N retention and thus, reduce environmentally harmful N fluxes in mine spoil. However, elevated CO₂ exhibited no significant effects on increasing soil total C, which indicated that mine spoil has limited potential to store rising atmospheric CO₂.

     

草莓FaABI5基因的克隆与表达分析

以‘红颜’草莓为试材,采用同源克隆方法得到FaABI5基因,利用荧光定量PCR法获取该基因的表达模式,通过转录活性验证和亚细胞定位分析其蛋白的特性,利用大肠杆菌诱导表达该蛋白,以期为进一步解析FaABI5的基因功能提供参考依据。结果表明:草莓FaABI5基因的开放阅读框为1329bp,共编码442个氨基酸,预测分子量约为47.1kDa,理论等电点为9.70,属于不稳定亲水蛋白。氨基酸序列比对显示该基因与其它物种的ABI5蛋白具有较高一致性,系统发育树表明草莓FaABI5与森林草莓、月季中的同源蛋白聚为一支,亲缘关系较近。获得该基因起始密码子上游1500bp长的启动子序列,分析显示除了有大量ABA响应元件ABRE外,还存在许多光、植物激素及非生物胁迫响应元件。qRT-PCR结果表明,FaABI5在草莓的根和茎中表达量最高,在果实中表达量较低。在酵母中,FaABI5不具有转录激活能力。亚细胞定位试验证明FaABI5为核定位蛋白。在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,28℃自诱导24h可以获得具有生物活性的FaABI5重组蛋白。     

柴达木盆地沙丘移动的空间分异及对形态参数的响应

研究沙丘移动规律与空间分异特征有助于准确了解风沙活动的危害程度,为区域城镇规划和青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设提供参考.该研究基于Google Earth软件测量横向沙丘的形态参数与移动速度,分析了移动速度与方向的空间分异特征,以及移动速度对形态参数的响应.结果表明,1)柴达木盆地内沙丘移动速度介于0～23.53 ...     

设施果园自动对靶精准变量施肥控制系统

针对目前果园条施肥过程中缺乏精准变量对靶施肥装置的问题,该研究研制了一种排肥轮槽口体积可根据果树目标施肥量及冠层直径大小自动调节,排肥轮转速随施肥车速自动变化的果园精准变量自动对靶施肥装置与控制系统.该装置采用外槽轮式结构,槽口体积可连续调节自动变化.采用激光雷达传感器实时探测果树冠层位置,使用霍尔传感器检测施肥车行驶...     

盐碱土入渗下修正Green-Ampt模型参数确定与验证

为进一步探究盐碱土的入渗机理,实现科学的盐碱土农业生产与灌溉,基于传统Green-Ampt模型,根据盐碱土的入渗特性引进扩散率,并结合对土壤剖面含率分布的划分假定对模型进行修正.利用5种盐碱土进行一维积水入渗试验,采用入渗率、湿润锋数据验证该修正模型.结果显示:修正模型模拟值与实测值的一致性良好,进行相关分析得到5种盐...