Free and conjugated phytosterols in cured tobacco leaves: influence of genotype, growing region, and stalk position

Although phytosterols in tobacco leaves have specific effects on tobacco quality, there is little research on the distribution of free and conjugated phytosterols in various tobacco leaves. In this paper, we explored the content and composition of phytosterols in representative cured tobacco leaves by gas chromatography of TMS-ether derivatives. We found that phytosterol contents in tobacco leaves ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 mg/g of dried leaf tissue, depending on different types of tobacco leaves. The majority of phytosterols (75-85%) were conjugated as ester and glycosides, with only about 15-25% existing in the free form. Furthermore, the genetic variability gives rise to the significant differences among different tobacco types with phytosterol levels: the contents of phytosterols in tobacco leaves decreased in the order of flue-cured tobacco, Oriental tobacco, Burley tobacco, cigar tobacco, and Maryland tobacco. At the same time, the tobacco curing process leads to a difference in phytosterol existing-form distribution in some variation laws.     

板材图像识别中颜色特征参数的提取

简述了彩色图像处理技术中颜色模型的选择,介绍了用来表征颜色的特征量含义,提取东北常见4个树种表面颜色特征参数值,并对各参数值进行了比较分析。按颜色参数用自组织竞争神经网络进行了分类,取得了比较好的分类效果。     

昆虫生长调节剂的抗性治理对策

综述了昆虫生长调节剂的发展概况,昆虫生长调节剂———保幼激素类似物、蜕皮激素类似物、几丁质合成抑制剂(含苯甲酰基脲类除虫剂、噻二嗪类、三嗪(嘧啶)胺类等品种)、四环三萜类化合物的应用研究情况以及农业害虫对昆虫生长调节剂的抗性机理,对不同的昆虫生长调节剂,其抗性机理不同.对于抗几丁质抑制剂,可能是几丁质合成酶受到保护,使抑制剂的穿透率降低;保幼激素类似物因双键或环氧等易被多功能氧化酶氧化降解.依据抗性机理,需加强抗性监测,从而更好地进行抗性治理.     

影响绒山羊经济性状的环境因素分析

利用内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊种羊场从1993—2000年间的绒山羊经济性状记录,对其进行方差分析。结果表明:羊群和年龄对所有经济性状都影响极显著(P<0.01);出生类型对所有经济性状影响不显著(P>0.05);年份除了对绒长度影响不显著(P>0.05)外,对其他性状影响均极显著(P<0.01);性别除了对绒细度影响不显著(P<0.05)外,对其他性状影响均极显著(P<0.01)。     

The Microstructure,Antibacterial and Antitumor Activities of Chitosan Oligosaccharides and Derivatives

Chitosan obtained from abundant marine resources has been proven to have a variety of biological activities. However, due to its poor water solubility, chitosan application is limited, and the degradation products of chitosan oligosaccharides are better than chitosan regarding performance. Chitosan oligosaccharides have two kinds of active groups, amino and hydroxyl groups, which can form a variety of derivatives, and the properties of these derivatives can be further improved. In this review, the key structures of chitosan oligosaccharides and recent studies on chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives, including their synthesis methods, are described. Finally, the antimicrobial and antitumor applications of chitosan oligosaccharides and their derivatives are discussed.     

柠檬成熟果实可溶性糖和有机酸积累特征分析

本研究利用GC-MS对3个柠檬品种和2个贵州地方特色宽皮柑橘(牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘)果肉中可溶性糖和有机酸含量进行了检测。研究结果表明,共检测到蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、木糖等10种可溶性糖,以及柠檬酸、苹果酸、奎宁酸、草酸等10种有机酸。柠檬、牛肉红朱橘、朱红橘可溶性糖和有机酸组分类似,差异主要在含量上。可溶性糖含量分析结果表明,果实中主要可溶性糖为蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖,3种主要的可溶性糖在牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘中的平均含量均显著高于柠檬,分别是柠檬的4.51倍、2.18倍和1.68倍。有机酸含量分析结果表明,柠檬有机酸含量远高于牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘,3个柠檬柠檬酸和奎宁酸的平均含量分别是2个宽皮柑橘的12.18倍和10.05倍。以上分析结果表明,可溶性糖和有机酸含量反映了柑橘品种的种质特征,且与果实风味和口感一致。     

‘玉露香梨’果实发育中细胞壁组分和水解酶活性的变化

为揭示‘玉露香梨’果实发育期质地变化机理。探寻‘玉露香梨’果实细胞壁在果实生长过程中各组分的变化趋势,为梨果实品质调控提供科学依据。通过检测果实发育期细胞壁含量、细胞壁组成物质含量、果胶酶、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。‘玉露香梨’成熟时细胞壁含量仅为原含量的1/9;细胞壁水溶性果胶和离子型果胶含量呈现上升趋势,而共价结合型果胶含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势;纤维素和半纤维素含量呈先上升后下降的趋势; ‘玉露香梨’生长发育期内果胶酶活性呈现上升趋势,成熟期活性上升了3.8倍多,纤维素酶活性在‘玉露香梨’发育期,呈现上升趋势。随着‘玉露香梨’果实的生长发育,细胞壁含量及组分在细胞壁水解酶的作用下,随之发生了变化。     

青海高原地区良种肉牛改良当地黄牛的效果

在青海高原环境下,用引进的良种肉牛蓝白花、利木赞、西门塔尔和皮尔蒙特改良当地黄牛.结果显示四个杂交组合F1代不同年龄的生长速度和体尺指标均明显优于青海黄牛(P＜0.01),说明用良种肉牛改良青海黄牛效果明显;在不同杂交后代的比较中,皮×黄F1代各年龄段体重均高于蓝×黄F1、利×黄F1和西×黄F1(P＜0.01),皮×黄F1代还保留了青海黄牛抗逆性强,耐粗饲等优良特性,杂交组合较为理想;皮尔蒙特牛可作为当前高原环境下改良青海黄牛的理想父本品种使用.     

大豆对SMV株系SC-11的抗性遗传及抗病基因的等位性研究

利用对我国北方大豆产区流行株系SC-11表现抗病的材料科丰1号、邳县茶豆、大白麻、齐黄22、诱变30、PI96983、Kwanggyo和感病材料南农1138-2、南农18-6配制的抗感和抗抗杂交组合,研究了对SC-11的抗性遗传以及不同材料的抗病基因间的等位性关系.结果表明,科丰1号、邳县茶豆、大白麻、PI96983、Kwanggyo、齐黄22、诱变30与感病品种杂交的F1表现抗病,F2呈3抗:1感分离比例,F2:3家系呈1抗:2分离:1感病的分离比率,证明它们对SC-11的抗性由单显性基因控制.PI96983×Kwanggyo和齐黄22×诱变30杂交后的F2群体未发现抗感分离,表明PI96983与Kwanggyo以及齐黄22与诱变30对SC-11的抗性基因是等位或紧密连锁的.大白麻与科丰1号、邳县茶豆、诱变30,科丰1号与Kwanggyo,PI96983与邳县茶豆杂交的F2呈15抗:1感的比例分离,初步表明大白麻与科丰1号、邳县茶豆、诱变30,科丰1号与Kwanggyo,PI96983与邳县茶豆所携带的抗SC-11的基因是不等位的,而且2个抗性基因独立遗传.