鸡霍乱流行病学研究

禽霍乱病原菌肌肉注射人工感染成年鸡后,禽霍乱病原菌首先局限于注射部位生长繁殖,其他部位不能检出菌,静脉注射禽霍乱病原菌入血后,血中含菌数很快就迅速下降,出现一个低谷期,然后才不断上升。各组织、器官在任一时刻的含菌数各不相同,肝、脾含菌量最高。在血中可测到禽霍乱病原菌数量增加时,所感染的鸡均出现临床症状,并在几小时后死亡。分析认为,在各好嗜性组织器官中禽霍乱菌的大量繁殖是导致病鸡死亡的关键因素。     

Effect of grape pomace on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of grape pomace (GP) with different adding levels (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, fresh matter basis), alone (GP‐LAB) or in combine with an inoculant LAB (GP+LAB), on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage. After 90 days of ensiling in vacuumized mini‐silos, silages were subject to a 7‐day aerobic stability test, in which chemical, microbial and polyphenol composition were measured. In the GP‐LAB group, adding GP decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and butyric acid in silage. In the GP+LAB group, adding GP increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of lactic acid, WSC and crude protein, decreased (P < 0.05) final pH value, NH₃‐N ratio and butyric acid concentration in silage. Polyphenol level was reduced (P < 0.05) after silage fermentation. During aerobic exposure, the fungi count, pH value and silage temperature increased (P < 0.05), the levels of lactic acid, acetic acid and polyphenols (quercetin 3‐O‐glucoside and quercetin 3‐O‐glucuronid) decreased (P < 0.05) in silage. GP+LAB treated silage had a lag phase for aerobic spoilage. When the fermentation products, microbial counts, chemical and polyphenol composition were considered, the use of 10% GP+LAB at ensiling could provide a valuable source for improved fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage.     

壮蚕期不同的给桑量对蚕茧产量和质量的影响

本文利用不同的给桑量分别饲养四、五龄蚕,其结果表明:不同的龄期,给桑量对蚕茧的产量和质量的影响是不一致的.四龄期是影响和决定质量的主要时期,五龄是高产的最重要的环节.     

牛腿山羊对炎热气候的适应性的研究

牛腿山羊为个体大，肉用性能好的山地品种，研究牛腿山羊对炎热气候的适应性，目的在于为同类地区引起该品种提供依据，本试验于１９９５年７月２８日至８月１日在新乡县朝阳种羊场进行，随机选取健康，空怀，经产的成年牛腿山羊和本地槐山羊各１２只，采集血样，实验室内测定Ｔ４和Ｋ＾＋含量，选其中各６只，连续３日测定６：００－７：００时和１５：００－１６：００时的毛丛温度，直肠温度，呼吸率和心率，并且同时测定羊舍内白     

Pharmacokinetics of sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim in a 5:1 ratio following intraperitoneal and oral administration, in the hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxitalis)

Selected pharmacokinetic parameters for sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim, administered in a 5:1 ratio, via the oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes were determined in the hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxitalis). Plasma concentrations of both drugs were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. A first-order one-compartment model adequately described plasma drug disposition. The elimination half-lives for sulfadimethoxine following i.p. and oral administration were 26 and 10.5 h, respectively. The half-lives for ormetoprim administered via i.p. and oral routes were 7.5 and 3.9 h, respectively. Cmax for sulfadimethoxine via the i.p. and oral routes were calculated to be 27.7 (+/-9.0) microg/mL at 3.6 h and 3.2 (+/-1.2) microg/mL at 1.2 h, respectively. Cmax for ormetoprim via the i.p. route was calculated to be 1.2 (+/-0.5) microg/mL at 9.1 h and 1.58 (+/-0.7) microg/mL at 5.7 h for the oral route. The oral availability of sulfadimethoxine relative to the i.p. route was 4.6%, while the oral availability of ormetoprim relative to the i.p. route was 78.5%. Due to the nonconstant ratio of these drugs in the plasma of the animal, the actual drug ratio to use for determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is unclear. Using the ratio of the total amount of each drug that is absorbed as a surrogate for the mean actual ratio may be the best alternative to current methods. Using this ratio as determined in these studies, (2.14:1 sulfadimethoxine:ormetoprim) to determine the MICs the single 50 mg/kg oral dose of the 5:1 combination of sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim appears to provide plasma concentrations high enough to inhibit the growth of Yersinia ruckeri, Edwardsiella tarda, and Escherichia coli.     

Protective efficacy of a live attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine with an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant in pigs

An attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine that requires intrathoracic administration is commercially available for use against mycoplasmal pneumonia in China. Given the limitations of such a route of administration, this study was undertaken to assess the capacity of an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity following intramuscular use. Immune responses in pigs following vaccination and subsequent intra-tracheal bacterial inoculation were examined using lymphocyte proliferation, serology and mucosal IgA in both nasal and saliva swabs.Vaccination induced clear lymphocyte proliferation, but only slight serum antibody responses although these were significantly increased following experimental infection. Mucosal IgA was not detected in either nasal or salivary secretions. Following bacterial challenge, animals vaccinated with the adjuvant-containing live vaccine exhibited less severe pulmonary lesions (median score 3.67) than unvaccinated pigs (median score 13.58). The degree of ciliary loss on the respiratory tract surface was reduced in vaccinated pigs compared with experimentally infected controls. The findings indicated that the adjuvant vaccine administered IM provided protection against experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia and could have commercial potential.     

波尔山羊杂交优势利用与南方灌丛草地开发

波尔山羊是目前世界上最优良的肉用山羊品种之一,国外研究及笔者在国内的试验表明,波尔山羊对本地低产山羊的杂交改良效果十分显著,因而可利用其杂交优势发展高效肉羊生产,高效肉用山羊生产系统的建立,对我国南方丰富的天然灌丛草地资源的开发利用具有交大的潜在价值,可为南方草地畜牧业提供新的发展途径,     

接种不同根瘤菌菌株对热研5号柱花草的影响

为研究接种不同根瘤菌对热研5号柱花草（Stylosanthes guianensis ‘Reyan No.5’）生长的影响,以灭菌后的石英砂为培养介质,将22株根瘤菌接种到热研5号柱花草根部,通过对干重、氮磷含量、有效根瘤数及固氮酶活性等指标的测定与分析,确定各菌株对热研5号柱花草生长的影响情况,并筛选出高效的固氮菌株。结果表明：除接种菌株DF6和RJS9-1以外,其他20份菌株均能使热研5号柱花草结瘤,且显著提高其产量和氮含量,但不同菌株间接种效果差异较大;其中,接种菌株YM11-1,SM5-1,PS5-1,DH4-2,LZ3-2,CJ和BS1-1对热研5号柱花草产量和品质的提高影响较大,可作为热研5号高效固氮匹配菌株,而接种菌株RJS9-1,RJS6-1,PS2-1,CM2和DF6的效果较差。     

浅谈我国养鹿业可持续发展的对策

针对我国养鹿业面临入世后的严峻挑战 ,基于国内和国际区域性养鹿业的现状和形势 ,从几方面扼要阐述了我国养鹿业可持续发展应采取的对策。