全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4640篇 |
免费 | 318篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 306篇 |
农学 | 132篇 |
基础科学 | 36篇 |
841篇 | |
综合类 | 861篇 |
农作物 | 197篇 |
水产渔业 | 233篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 1894篇 |
园艺 | 113篇 |
植物保护 | 346篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 31篇 |
2022年 | 34篇 |
2021年 | 69篇 |
2020年 | 80篇 |
2019年 | 84篇 |
2018年 | 97篇 |
2017年 | 91篇 |
2016年 | 115篇 |
2015年 | 80篇 |
2014年 | 125篇 |
2013年 | 202篇 |
2012年 | 237篇 |
2011年 | 287篇 |
2010年 | 182篇 |
2009年 | 151篇 |
2008年 | 263篇 |
2007年 | 251篇 |
2006年 | 260篇 |
2005年 | 244篇 |
2004年 | 194篇 |
2003年 | 223篇 |
2002年 | 187篇 |
2001年 | 74篇 |
2000年 | 81篇 |
1999年 | 85篇 |
1998年 | 46篇 |
1997年 | 40篇 |
1996年 | 41篇 |
1995年 | 35篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 40篇 |
1991年 | 55篇 |
1990年 | 49篇 |
1989年 | 51篇 |
1988年 | 34篇 |
1987年 | 60篇 |
1986年 | 40篇 |
1985年 | 58篇 |
1984年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 46篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 25篇 |
1979年 | 36篇 |
1978年 | 28篇 |
1976年 | 26篇 |
1973年 | 31篇 |
1971年 | 24篇 |
1970年 | 24篇 |
1969年 | 31篇 |
排序方式: 共有4959条查询结果,搜索用时 484 毫秒
251.
Lake sediments are a potential source of mercury (Hg) for aquatic biota. Here, we investigated the predictive power of (a) key parameters for lake catchment morphometry and (b) organic matter composition of sediments in an effort to account for observed variations of total (THg) and methyl (MeHg) mercury concentrations in lake sediments. Using regression models we demonstrate that the morphometric parameters lake depth as well as inclination of catchment soils and lake bottoms can significantly predict variations of THg concentrations, but not MeHg, at profundal lake sediments. Although THg and MeHg concentrations in sediments could not be predicted by specific organic matter sources, as elucidated by atomic C/N ratios, our data suggest that wetland-derived total organic carbon (TOC) contained less THg concentrations than TOC derived from mostly forested watersheds. However, TOC concentrations could significantly predict MeHg concentrations and the proportion of methylated Hg at all sediment stations. Finally, from an ecotoxicological point of view, we propose that concentrations of TOC at surface lake sediments, rather than parameters of catchment morphometry, may predict dietary sources of MeHg for benthic consumers and consequently perhaps for organisms at higher trophic levels. 相似文献
252.
The robustness of the assumption of equilibrium between native and added N during 15N isotope dilution has recently been questioned by Watson et al. (Soil Biol Biochem 32 (2000) 2019-2030). We re-analyzed their raw data using equations that consider the added and native NH4+ and NO3− pools as separate state variables. Gross mineralization rates and first-order rate constants for NH4+ and NO3− consumption were obtained by combining analytical integration of the differential equations with a non-linear fitting procedure. The first-order rate constants for NH4+ consumption and NO3− immobilization for the added NH4+ and NO3− pool were used to estimate gross mineralization rates and first-order rate constants for nitrification of native NH4+. The latter were 2-4 times lower than the first-order rate constants derived from the added N pool. This discrepancy between first-order rate constants for nitrification implies that one or more process rates estimated for the added N pools cannot be applied to the native N pools. Preferential use of the added N resulted in an overestimation of the gross mineralization by 1.5-2.5-fold, emphasizing the need for critical evaluation of the assumption of equilibrium before gross mineralization rates are calculated. 相似文献
253.
Yvonne Lokko Alfred Dixon Sam Offei Eric Danquah Martin Fregene 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(7):1441-1453
A study was conducted to determine the extent of genetic diversity among African cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions resistant to the cassava mosaic virus disease (CMD), using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The accessions
included a breeding stock (clone 58308), five improved lines, 62 CMD resistant and 10 CMD susceptible landraces. Genetic diversity
was assessed among accessions in five cluster groups derived from UPGMA analysis on data from 18 SSR primer pairs. Average
gene diversity, He, was high in all cluster groups, with an average heterozygosity of 0.591 ± 0.061. The estimator of inbreeding
Fis revealed a low level of inbreeding within groups and averaged −0.262 ± 0.142. Gene diversity among all accessions was
51.4% and gene diversity within cluster groups was 46.6%, while 4.8% was due to diversity between the different cluster groups.
The amount of genetic differentiation measured by Gst and Fst were 9.6% and 12.1% respectively, indicating a weak genetic
structure. 相似文献
254.
Trace element release from forest floor can be monitored by ion exchange resin tubes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Risk assessment of heavy metal input into forest ecosystems requires information about metal fluxes from the forest floor (organic layer) into the mineral soil. Common methods for the monitoring of element fluxes are generally time‐consuming and expensive. Additionally, the reliability of the results is in part contested especially for trace elements, showing very low concentrations which are sometimes even below analytical detection limit. We used ion exchange resin tubes installed below the forest floor to determine heavy metal and As fluxes at 25 forest monitoring sites in Germany. Chloride tracer experiments and the comparison of our data with throughfall and lysimeter data, determined within the Level II monitoring network, proved the accuracy of our method. Mean trace element fluxes based on the resin method were 50 g As ha–1 yr–1, 2 g Cd ha–1 yr–1, 168 g Cu ha–1 yr–1, 176 g Ni ha–1 yr–1, and 186 g Pb ha–1 yr–1.The results show that the organic layer may change into a source of heavy metals after emission has decreased. 相似文献
255.
Hermann Hafner Joachim Bley Andr Bationo Peter Martin Horst Marschner 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1993,156(2):169-176
On acid sandy soils of Niger (West Africa) fertilizer N recovery by pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is often more than 100 per cent in years with normal or above average rainfall. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by N2-fixing bacteria may contribute to the N supply in pearl millet cropping systems. For a long-term field experiment comprising treatments with and without mineral fertilizer (F) and with and without crop residue application (CR) a N balance sheet was calculated over a period of six years (1983-1988). After six years of successive millet cropping total N uptake (36-77 kg N ha?1 yr?1) was distinctly higher than the amount of fertilizer N applied (30 kg N ha?1 yr?1). The atmospheric input of NH4-N and NO3-N in the rainwater was about 2 kg N ha?1 yr?1, 70 % in the form of NH4-N. Gaseous NH3 losses from urea (broadcast, incorporated) were estimated from other experiments to amount to 36 % of the fertilizer N applied. Nitrogen losses by leaching (15 to > 25 kg N ha?1 yr?1) were dependent on the treatment and on the quantity and distribution of single rainfall events (>50 mm). Decline in total soil N content (0-60 cm) ranged from 15 to 48 kg N ha?1 yr?1. The long-term N balance (1983-1988) indicated an annual net gain between 6 (+CR-F) and 13 (+CR+F) kg N ha?1 yr?1. For the control (-CR-F) the long-term N balance was negative (10 kg N ha?1 yr?1). In the treatment with crop residues only, the N balance was mainly determined by leaching losses, whereas in treatments with mineral fertilizer application the N balance depended primarily on N removal by the millet crop. The annual net gain in the N balance increased from 7 kg ha?1 with mineral fertilizer to 13 kg ha?1 in the combination mineral fertilizer plus crop residues. In both the rhizosphere and the bulk soil (0-15 cm), between 9 and 45% of the total bacterial population were N2-fixing (diazotrophic) bacteria. The increased N gain upon crop residue application was positively correlated with an increase in the number of diazotrophic and total bacteria. The data on bacterial numbers suggest that the gain of N in the longterm N balance is most likely due to an N input by biological nitrogen fixation. In addition, evidence exists from related studies that the proliferation of diazotrophs and total bacteria in the rhizosphere due to crop residue application stimulated root growth of pearl millet, and thus improved the phosphorus (P) acquisition in the P deficient soil. 相似文献
256.
G E Martin H W Krueger J M Burggraff 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1985,68(3):440-443
Specific 14C-activities, percent of modern 14C-activity, and calculated percent of fermentation CO2 are presented for CO2 contained in commercial sparkling wines, labeled as champagne or produced by the bulk (charmat) process. These data are given for the production years 1976-1982. The survey encompassed effervescent wines produced in Spain, Italy, West Germany, California, and New York. Addition of synthetic CO2 to approximately 40 samples represented as sparkling wines was indicated by low 14C-activities of CO2 in these wines. Data for 14C-activity were also presented for the ethanol distilled from sparkling wines for the years 1977-1980. In all cases, the 14C-activity of ethanol was appropriate to the year of vintage. 相似文献
257.
Robert M. Bloxam James W. Hornbeck C. Wayne Martin 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1984,23(4):359-374
The effects of storm dynamics on precipitation chemistry were examined using an atmospheric budget for SO4 ? . One hundred storms occurring between 1975 and 1978 at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire were used as test data. Concentrations of major ions were usually greater in convective storms than in continuous or layer storms. For example the geometric mean concentrations of SO4 ? in convective and continuous storms were 4.1 and 1.1 mg L?1, respectively. Higher SO4 ? concentrations also occurred when surface wind directions were south or southwest. The summer maximum in convective activity along with the seasonal dependence of surface wind directions and the seasonal atmospheric chemistry cycle can account for the summer maximum in SO4 ? concentrations observed in the northeastern United States. 相似文献
258.
259.
Extraction of PAH from Oh-horizon material after dispersion of air-dried samples in water resulted in a 80% higher yield of 20 PAH species compared to extraction of air-dried, freeze-dried or ground samples. Concurrently, the free surface area (BET method) of the organic matter increased. It was assumed that dispersion resulted in a disaggregation and/or stretching of organic aggregates, which makes interior aggregate regions available to the extractant that were pre-viously not accessible for the extractant due to diffusion barriers. 相似文献
260.
Smit BA Engels WJ Alewijn M Lommerse GT Kippersluijs EA Wouters JT Smit G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(5):1263-1268
Formation of flavor compounds from branched-chain alpha-keto acids in fermented foods such as cheese is believed to be mainly an enzymatic process, while the conversion of phenyl pyruvic acid, which is derived from phenylalanine, also proceeds chemically. In this research, the chemical conversion of alpha-keto acids to aldehydes with strong flavor characteristics was studied, with the main focus on the conversion of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid to the aldehyde 2-methylpropanal, and a manganese-catalyzed reaction mechanism is proposed for this conversion. The mechanism involves keto-enol tautomerism, enabling molecular oxygen to react with the beta-carbon atom of the alpha-keto acid, resulting in a peroxide. This peroxide can react in several ways, leading to unstable dioxylactone or noncyclic intermediates. These intermediates will break down into an aldehyde and oxalate or carbon oxides (CO and CO(2)). All the alpha-keto acids tested were converted at pH 5.5 and in the presence of manganese, although their conversion rates were rather diverse. This chemical reaction might provide new ways for controlling cheese flavor formation with the aim of acceleration of the ripening process or diversification of the flavor characteristics. 相似文献