高山离子芥磷脂酶D活性测定及酶动力学分析

高山离子芥（Chorispora bungean）是一种高抗逆的多年生高山草本植物,具有特殊的分子及生理抗逆响应机制。磷脂水解酶磷脂酶D （PLD）是重要的跨膜信号转导酶。以高山离子芥愈伤组织为试材,利用酶联免疫分光光度计法,优化磷脂酶D活性测定体系,建立了在25℃反应温度条件下,200 μL反应体系中,膜蛋白的含量35 μg、反应时间30 min、pH为7.0的缓冲液系统最适合高山离子芥愈伤组织磷脂酶D活性测定体系,分析表明不同膜结合态磷脂酶D的酶动力学特征存在差异,为进一步探讨磷脂酶D在高山离子芥响应逆境胁迫中的作用奠定基础。     

甘肃省肃南县草地治蝗灭鼠工作经验

总结了肃南县１９５５年以来草原治蝗灭鼠为单一人工药物防治发展到生物新技术与新药物相结合的综合治理经验,提出了今后科技力量,开展多渠道,多学科,多部门协作防治的发展方向。     

非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪血液指标的影响

选用120头平均体重为(8.1±0.2)kg的PIC断奶仔猪,采用单因素完全随机化试验设计,研究在饲料中添加复合酶对断奶仔猪血液指标的影响。试验共设5个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验期为28 d,分为前期(1～14 d)和后期(15～28 d)两个阶段。结果表明:非淀粉多糖复合酶组能显著提高断奶仔猪前期血糖、总蛋白的含量(P<0.05);提高后期断奶仔猪血糖、总蛋白和免疫球蛋白A的含量(P<0.05),复合酶Ⅱ效果好于复合酶Ⅰ。     

低温环境下维生素E水平对初产蛋鸭性激素分泌和抗氧化旨标的影响

本试验旨在研究低温环境(1～7℃)下维生素E水平对初产蛋鸭性激素分泌和抗氧化指标的影响.试验采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(含维生素E 7.9 IU/kg),分别添加17.1(对照组)、57.1、92.1、142.1、192.1、242.1 IU/kg维生素E,组成6种试验饲粮.选取18周龄、平均体重(1.68±0.01) ...     

Association of a missense mutation in the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor gene （LHCGR） with superovulation traits in Chinese Holstein heifers

Background: Upon binding luteinizing hormone in the ovary, the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) is necessary for follicular maturation and ovulation, as well as luteal function. We detected mutations in the LHCGR gene and evaluated their association with superovulation. Methods: Using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing, we examined polymorphisms in LHCGR and the genotypes associated with superovulation traits in 127 Chinese Holstein heifers. Results: A G/T polymorphism (ss52050737) in exon 11 was significantly associated with the total number of ova and the number of transferable embryos. Conclusions: LHCGR may be a new predictor for superovulation in Chinese Holstein heifers.     

我国气候因素的变化对奶牛生产的影响

在分析我国气候因素变化的基础上,着重阐述了气候因子对我国奶牛采食,饲料利用率,产奶量和乳成分,奶牛的繁殖力,日增重及发病率等生产性能的影响。结果表明,高温高湿是奶牛生产的主要环境因子。作者不提出了控制奶牛环境的若干措施。     

温度与饲粮维生素C水平对后备蛋鸭血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究温度与饲粮维生素C水平蛋鸭的血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响.选取12周龄金定鸭216只,温度设低温(2±1)℃和适温(18±1)℃2个水平;饲粮中的维生素C添加水平分别为0、200和800 mg/kg.试验共6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6只试验鸭.试验期为6周.试验结果表明:1)低温使血清维生素C浓度显著降低了27.78%(P＜0.05),对氧化氢酶(CAT)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)、白介素2(IL-2)、免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)、生长激素(GH)、胰岛素(Ins)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-I)、瘦素(Lep)、皮质醇(Cort)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)的含量影响显著(P＜0.05);2)饲粮中添加200 mg/kg维生素C时,血清维生素C、IGF-I、Lep水平显著升高(P＜0.05),Cort浓度显著降低(P＜0.05);3)温度和维生素C的交互作用对Cort的含量的影响极显著(P＜0.01),对IGF-I、Lep、IgG和IgA的含量影响显著(P＜0.05),对GH、Ins、维生素C、L3、T4及各个抗氧化指标的影响没达到显著水平(P＞0.05).结果提示,低温影响后备蛋鸭血清维生素C的浓度,但饲粮中添加200 mg/kg维生素C时,可提高在低温条件下的后备蛋鸭血液维生素C的水平、提高血液中Lep和IGF-I的浓度、增强机体抗氧化和抗寒冷应激能力.     

Seasonal effects on the aerobic bacterial and fungal conjunctival flora of normal thoroughbred brood mares in Florida

Objective To evaluate seasonal effects on the presence or absence of fungal and aerobic bacterial flora of the conjunctival fornix of normal Florida Thoroughbred horses. Sample population Both eyes of 100 horses. Procedure Horses with normal anterior segment ophthalmic examinations from three farms in north central Florida were included. Each animal had the ventral conjunctival fornix of each eye swabbed with sterile culturettes. Samples were taken in October, January, April, and July (1999–2000). Aerobic and fungal cultures were plated. Bacterial cultures were reviewed at 24 and 48 h. Fungal cultures were reviewed weekly for 4 weeks. Logistic regression analysis with season as a factor and age of the horse as a covariate was performed. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.01. Results Horses ranged from 3 to 24 years of age, with a median age of 9 years. Twenty‐four genera of bacteria and 35 genera of fungi were recovered. Corynebacterium sp., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Moraxella sp. were the bacteria most frequently isolated. Mold species, dematiaceous mold species, Chrysosporium sp., Cladosporium sp., and Aspergillus sp. were the most frequently recovered fungi. Season did not have a significant effect on the presence of microorganisms isolated for individual horses adjusted for age. Younger horses had an increased incidence of gram‐negative rods and fungal isolates. The number of bacteria and fungi isolated are not uniform across seasons. Conclusion There were no significant differences between the number or type of organisms cultured during the sampling seasons in normal Florida horses. A large range of normal bacterial and fungal flora were isolated from these horses. The number of bacteria and fungi isolated are not uniform across seasons. The likelihood of detecting an organism depends on the horses’ age.     

短期禁牧对天山北坡蒿类荒漠群落特征及其稳定性的影响

本研究以天山北坡蒿类荒漠为研究对象,采用野外调查取样的方法,探讨不同区域荒漠围栏内外群落特征和物种多样性对禁牧的响应规律,分析禁牧对生态系统稳定性的影响。结果表明,1)禁牧能改变荒漠植被功能群结构,禁牧后不同生态经济类群群落盖度和生物量分别上升40.2%~57.0%和44.4%~81.0%;2)荒漠群落物种多样性指数对短期禁牧的响应较小,但从区域上看,玛纳斯荒漠放牧区Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数比博乐和奇台显著高16.7%~20.0%,而禁牧区Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数高了8.6%~17.7%;3)短期禁牧有利于荒漠群落稳定性的维持,且稳定性可能与禁牧年限和生态环境的变化均有一定的关系。因此,短期禁牧能显著提高荒漠草地生产力,有利于群落物种多样性和群落稳定性的维持。