适宜机械化籽粒收获的玉米新品种——陕单636

正随着工业化、城镇化步伐的加快,劳动力向非农产业的转移,未来玉米生产将面临从传统的精耕细作向简化轻型转变,从手工操作向机械化(包括整地、灭茬、施肥、播种、收获等)生产转变,从小农户生产向规模化生产转变。因此,研发的玉米新品种和新技术只有符合机械作业的基本要求,才能被种植者接受,     

涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

陕A群、陕B群选育的玉米自交系抗旱性鉴定

以陕A群、陕B群在多环境、少施肥和少灌溉条件下选育的33份玉米自交系和4份骨干玉米自交系为材料,通过大田控水试验,调查玉米自交系的穗位叶SPAD值、干物质积累量和茎秆强度等生理指标,采用逐步回归分析方法建立最优回归方程,筛选抗旱性的评价指标。结果表明,穗位叶SPAD、茎秆强度和花后干物质积累量可作为玉米自交系抗旱性的第2性状筛选指标。以子粒产量作为第1性状指标,可将37份玉米自交系划分4种类型,高产抗旱型12份,低产不抗旱型13份,低产抗旱型7份和5份高产不抗旱型。以抗旱指数和抗旱隶属度为指标,将37份玉米自交系可分成3种类型,其中,抗旱性较强的玉米自交系2份,抗旱性中等的玉米自交系15份,抗旱性较差的材料20份。综合分析,2013KB-47、2013KB-37、KA225、KB081、L123098-2和KA105共6份玉米自交系具有穗位叶SPAD高、茎秆强度大、花后干物质积累量高和子粒产量高、抗旱指数高和抗旱能力强的特点。     

12份美国玉米自交系配合力评价

以12份引进美国解禁玉米自交系为供试材料,4份课题组骨干玉米自交系(KA105、KA064、KB043和KB204)为测验种,采用NC-II遗传交配设计,进行配合力测定与分析。结果表明,测验种KA105和KA064产量一般配合力(GCA)效应表现优良,供试美国玉米自交系中PHPR5、MBST、LH213、2FACC、LH212Ht、LH209和PHR47产量GCA效应表现优良。杂交组合PHPR5×KA105、LH213×KA105、PHH93×KA105、2FACC×KA064、LH212Ht×KA105、PHPR5×KB204产量的超标优势较强,可进一步试验。     

马铃薯新品种—秦芋32号选育

秦芋32号(原代号:康0102-5)是2000年以秦芋30号作母本,89-1优系作父本,有性杂交获得实生种子,经育种圃、鉴定圃选育而成。2011年3月申报国家农作物品种审定委员会待审,2011年10月通过审定。2007～2009年参加国家级马铃薯品种中晚熟西南组繁种及区域试验;2010年国家西南组生产试验平均产量1 443 kg/667 m2,比对照米拉增产12.5%。块茎干物质含量18.5%、淀粉含量11.8%,Vc含量14.2 mg/100 g,还原糖含量0.29%,粗蛋白含量2.1%。抗病性接种鉴定:中抗PVX和PVY,抗晚疫病。     

茶园滴灌施肥的增产提质及土壤养分效应研究

以常规施肥作为对照,设计3个不同氮素用量(450、300、150 kg/hm2),研究了茶园滴灌施肥对茶叶产量、品质及土壤养分性状的影响。结果表明,滴灌施肥处理比对照增产3.4%～9.3%,施氮量与产量间呈明显正相关,以年施氮量300～450 kg/hm2产量较高,滴灌施肥对茶叶品质影响不显著。滴灌施肥处理成熟叶含氮量显著高于对照,且季节性差异明显,秋茶﹥夏茶﹥春茶,滴灌施肥可促进茶树对氮素的吸收利用。施肥方式对土壤pH值影响显著,滴灌施肥处理土壤pH值明显高于对照,可能因其氮素利用率较高而有助于减弱无机氮对土壤的酸化作用。     

玉米高产栽培群体密度与性状指标研究

对3个综合性状突出的玉米品种在高产施肥水平下进行不同密度的栽培试验。结果表明,不同品种适宜的高产栽培密度不同,陕单8806和郑单958在6万～7.5万株/hm2,不能低于6万株/hm2,京科519在6万株/hm2左右,不能高于7.5万株/hm2。这3个品种在陕西关中夏播区的高产栽培群体性状指标为LAI在5.5左右,GAR在14.0 g/m2.d以上,吐丝期全株的光能截获量在92%以上,穗位以下叶的光能截获量不低于14%。     

室内绿化植物应用发展初探

阐述了室内绿化的发展历程、主要功能以及室内绿化植物应用的种类、布置方式、摆放手法,提出室内绿化植物应用的发展方向与措施.     

中国门窗的发展

介绍了中国古代门窗和现代门窗的发展历程,阐明了各时期门窗的特点及发展状况;探讨了古代门窗形制的变化特点、现代门窗用材和制作工艺的发展历程。