Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum

The biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum, from both marine and terrestrial environments, has attracted considerable attention. T. harzianum has a tremendous potential to produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), which are an important source of new herbicides and antibiotics. This review prioritizes the SMs of T. harzianum from 1988 to June 2022, and their relevant biological activities. Marine-derived SMs, especially terpenoids, polyketides, and macrolides compounds, occupy a significant proportion of natural products from T. harzianum, deserving more of our attention.     

Saquayamycin B1 Suppresses Proliferation,Invasion, and Migration by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Moromycin B (Mor B), saquayamycin B₁ (Saq B₁), saquayamycin B (Saq B), and landomycin N (Lan N), four angucyclines produced by the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp., are a class of polyketone compounds containing benzanthracene. Here, the structure–activity relationship of these four compounds was analyzed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Saq B₁, which showed the strongest cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 0.18–0.84 µM for CRC cells in MTT assays, was employed to test underlying mechanisms of action in SW480 and SW620 cells (two invasive CRC cell lines). Our results showed that Saq B₁ inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Notably, lower cytotoxicity was measured in normal human hepatocyte cells (QSG-7701). Furthermore, we observed proapoptosis, antimigration, and anti-invasion activities of Saq B₁ in CRC cells. At the same time, the protein and mRNA expression of important markers related to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis changed, including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Bcl-2, in Saq B₁-treated CRC cells. Surprisingly, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was shown to be involved in Saq B₁-induced apoptosis, and in inhibiting invasion and migration. Computer docking models also suggested that Saq B₁ might bind to PI3Kα. Collectively, these results indicate that Saq B₁ effectively inhibited growth and decreased the motor ability of CRC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which provides more possibilities for the development of drugs in the treatment of CRC.     

Sulfur-Containing Metabolites from Marine and Terrestrial Fungal Sources: Origin,Structures, and Bioactivities

Organosulfur natural products (NPs) refer to the different kinds of small molecular-containing sulfur (S) elements. Sulfur-containing NPs tightly link to the biochemical processes and play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry. The majority of S-containing NPs are generally isolated from Alliaceae plants or bacteria, and those from fungi are still relatively rare. In recent years, an increasing number of S-containing metabolites have been discovered in marine and terrestrial fungi, but there is no comprehensive and targeted review to summarize the studies. In order to make it more straightforward to better grasp the fungal-derived S-containing NPs and understand the particularity of marine S-containing NPs compared to those from terrestrial fungi, we summarized the chemical structures and biological activities of 89 new fungal-derived S-containing metabolites from 1929 when the penicillin was discovered to the present in this current review. The structural and bioactive diversity of these S-containing metabolites were concluded in detail, and the preliminary mechanism for C-S bond formation in fungi was also discussed briefly.     

椰汁冰淇淋的生产工艺

研究以椰子汁为辅料生产椰汁冰淇淋的生产工艺,探讨不同椰汁用量对冰淇淋品质的影响,开发出一种含有脂肪、蛋白质、维生素等营养成分的冰淇淋,并通过正交试验确立了生产椰汁冰淇淋的工艺参数。结果表明:以25%椰子果汁、10%奶油、10%白砂糖、12%全脂淡奶粉、0.3%稳定乳化剂为配方可生产出品质优良的产品。     

吡虫啉在不同施药时间对玉米叶绿素含量的影响

对大田栽培作物玉米,在不同时间,用喷雾器喷施不同浓度杀虫剂吡虫啉,24h后测定玉米叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量.结果表明,上午喷施药剂促使玉米叶绿素含量增加最多,其次是中午,下午施药玉米叶绿素含量增加最小.     

乐都山羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对７５只乐都山羊的红细胞钾型进行了调查研究。结果发现：①按红细胞钾浓度，乐都山羊有高钾和低钾两种表型，以高钾为优势表型（８８％）；②高钾型山羊的红细胞钾浓度在４３．５９￣８１．３０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间，低钾型的在９．３７￣２１．２１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间；③Ｋ＾ｈ和Ｋ＾Ｌ等位基因频率分别为０．９３８７和０．０６１９，基因杂合度为０．１１６１。     

彰武县东沟小流域综合治理及其效益分析

东沟小流域3年来的综合治理实践证明:根据辽北低山丘陵区风沙、干旱,水土流失严重的特点,进行详细的调查和科学的论证,因地制宜地布置各项水土保持措施,就能收到显著的保水保土效益和较高的经济效益。经统计,在近11km2的水土流失面积上,拦洪量达32.5万m3,拦沙量达到0.93万t。经济效益中的内部收益率为60.6%,经济效益费用比:3.85。     

福建省云霄县枇杷叶深加工产业发展情况

为了探究福建省云霄县枇杷叶作为食品原料深加工的前景及产业发展情况,以国内目前关于枇杷叶化学成分及药理活性的研究为基础,综述枇杷叶作为食品原料进行深加工的可行性,分析云霄县得天独厚的枇杷种植情况给枇杷叶深加工提供的有利情况,探究枇杷叶作为食品原料加工食品的品种及范围,拓宽其食品应用市场的前景。      

马铃薯块茎中一些矿质元素的含量及其在软腐病发生中的作用

 测定了对细菌性软腐病抗感能力不同的3个马铃薯品种的块茎中14种矿质元素的含量。发现薯肉组织中Cu、Zn的含量高低与品种对伤口侵染的抗性强弱有相关性。Ni、K也有类似情况,而Ca、Mg含量与抗性无关。用溶液渗透法浸泡薯块后,只有CuS0₄能显著抑制软腐病的发生。Zn、Fe、Al等在一定浓度时也有一些作用。Mg处理无效,Ca处理只能使薯块腐烂面积略有减小,而不能减少腐烂病斑数。对于自然带菌和人工接种的薯块。CuSO₄·5H₂O的浓度分别为500和5000mg/L时防效达100%。     

Surface modification of HMPBO fibers by silane coupling agent of KH-560 treatment assisted by ultrasonic vibration

The surface modification of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (HMPBO) fibers by silane coupling agent of ??-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (KH-560) treatment assisted by ultrasonic vibration was investigated. The chemical composition and surface morphologies of the HMPBO fibers were analyzed and characterized by XPS, FTIR, TGA and SEM. The tensile properties of the HMPBO fibers were also studied. The results indicated that polar hydroxyl groups were successfully introduced on the HMPBO surface after the proposed treatment processes, and the surface roughness of HMPBO fibers was increased. Moreover, the treated HMPBO maintained relatively excellent tensile strength, and the single fiber pull-out strength of HMPBO was improved from 0.94 MPa to 1.07 MPa.