鸭大肠杆菌病流行病学与病原特性研究

对浙江等地鸭大肠杆菌病流行病学进行调查，并研究其发病特点，分离鉴定出致病性大肠杆菌26株；已对其中20株菌株进行血清型鉴定，主要为078，占70%（14/20），其次是O1，占15%（3/20）；人工感染试验表明，80%（8/10）菌株毒力强，皮下、肌肉、足蹼3种途径均易复制该病；病理组织学检查肝、肺、脾等，表现急性炎症，出血等病变；药敏试验表明，不同菌株对药物敏感性差异较大，除对鸭菌消、卡那霉素等高敏外，对多数常用抗菌药已耐药，最后就该病的防治提出了对策。     

研究型大学科研评价指标体系研究

进一步探讨了制定科研评价体系的原则、方法等,并结合目前我国研究型大学的实际情况初步提出了一套科研评价指标体系。     

Influence of ischemia-reperfusion on apoptosis of sinoatrial node cells in rabbits in vivo

AIM:To study influence of ischemia-reperfusion(IR) on apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related genes Fas-L, Bax and Bcl-2 of sinoatrial node(SAN) cells in rabbits in vivo. METHODS:Ninety healthy adult rabbits were divided randomly into control group, ischemia groups (I_{10 min}, I_{30 min}, I_{60 min} and I_{120 min}) and IR groups (I_{10 min}R_4h, I_{30 min}R_4h, I_{60 min}R_4hand I_{120 min}R_4h). IR injury model of SAN was established by occluding and loosening the start section of right coronary artery. The apoptosis of SAN cells was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression of Fas-L, Bax and Bcl-2 of SAN cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:①No obvious apoptosis of SAN cells was observed in control group, I_{10 min} and I_{30 min} groups. Apoptosis of different degrees in SAN cells were found in 68.3%(41/60) rabbits in I_{60 min}, I_{120 min} and 4 subgroups of IR. ②The highest expression of Fas-L and Bax was observed in I_{120 min} group and that of Bcl-2 was in I_{60 min} group. ③The highest expression of Fas-L and Bax was observed in I_{60 min}R_4h group. The peak level of Bcl-2 was observed in I_{30 min}R_4h group. ④The expression of Fas-L and Bax was significant higher in IR group than that in ischemic group at the same time point. CONCLUSION:Ischemia and IR induced apoptosis of SAN cells in rabbit in vivo. Fas-L、Bax、Bcl-2 may participate in the regulation of apoptosis and the injury during IR aggravates the apoptosis of SAN cells.     

中华鳖MHCⅡα基因cDNA的克隆及组织表达分析

为了探究中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)的主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex, MHC)的结构和功能,本研究利用RACE技术成功克隆获得中华鳖MHCⅡα基因的cDNA全长序列,其长度为1296 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为807 bp,共编码268个氨基酸,分为信号肽序列、Ⅱ类组织相容性抗原α结构域、IGc1结构域及跨膜结构域4个功能结构域。通过NJ法构建的系统进化树分析显示,中华鳖与西部锦龟(Chrysemys picta bellii)亲缘较近,而与哺乳类、鸟类及鱼类亲缘关系较远。荧光定量PCR结果显示,MHCⅡα mRNA在中华鳖8个组织中均有表达,在脾、心、肝及肠组织中表达水平较高,在肌肉组织中表达量最低。感染嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila) 12 h后,中华鳖MHCⅡα mRNA在肝和肠组织中的表达显著上调;感染1 d时,在脾组织中的表达显著上调;感染1 d及5 d时,在肾组织中的表达显著上调。研究表明,中华鳖MHCⅡα基因参与了中华鳖免疫反应。     

全球燕麦生产时空演变规律及对中国的启示

燕麦是世界第七大栽培作物,也是中国北方重要的粮饲兼用作物,因其具有抗旱、耐瘠薄等特性,在中国旱作区农业发展中占有举足轻重的地位。明确全球燕麦生产时空演变规律,可为中国燕麦种植结构调整和优化提供重要参考依据。本研究基于1961-2019年全球燕麦生产数据,利用线性回归模型、贡献率以及优势指数分析全球燕麦生产时空演变规律。结果表明,近59年来,全球燕麦收获面积和总产量均呈降低趋势。欧洲是全球燕麦生产中心,1961-1980、1981-1998和1999-2019年三个阶段的总产量分别占世界总量的58.2%、67.4%和62.6%;中国燕麦在这三个阶段的收获面积和总产量总体呈下降趋势,但同期总产量的世界占比却不断增加,从2.0%增长至3.0%。其中,2019年中国燕麦总产量达49.6万t,位列世界第十位。与美国、加拿大、芬兰和澳大利亚等主产国相比,中国燕麦生产的规模优势指数和效率优势指数虽处于不断上升趋势,但整体仍处于劣势地位。因此,优化调整燕麦种植规模,提高单产水平,对中国燕麦产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

含氯化肥不同施用量对猕猴桃产量和品质的影响及其后效

[目的]猕猴桃为喜氯作物,充足的含氯肥料能提高猕猴桃产量.研究猕猴桃的适宜含氯肥料用量,及过量施用含氯肥料是否会影响猕猴桃的产量及其后效,为猕猴桃园合理施用含氯肥料提供科学依据.[方法]在猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa)园设置不同用量含氯化肥试验,共设5个施氯水平0(Cl-0)、170(Cl-170)、...     

达乌里胡枝子花粉萌发特性研究

为揭示达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza daurica)花粉的育性并为其花粉活力检测提供一种高效方法,本试验以达乌里胡枝子新鲜花粉为试验材料,采用液体培养基,研究了蔗糖、硼酸、氯化钙浓度、采样时间、温度、光照和培养时间等因素对花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的影响.试验结果表明:单因素试验中,适宜花粉萌发的培养基配方为20 g...     

阶段性低温对水稻生长发育的影响及对策

低温对水稻产量、病害、千粒重、结实率等都会产生影响,针对低温冷害提出密切注意天气预报、实行测土配方施肥、合理施药、科学灌溉等技术措施。     

黄土高原不同林龄刺槐林土壤水分亏缺程度

通过定点监测刺槐林土壤水分含量,探究不同林龄刺槐林土壤水分分布与亏缺程度。采用空间代替时间的研究方法,选择10,15,25,40年人工刺槐林为研究对象,农地(0年)为对照,调查分析0—200 cm土层土壤水分分布情况。结果表明：各样地平均土壤含水量大小顺序为农地(18.80%)>10年刺槐林(16.43%)>15年刺槐林(15.47%)>40年刺槐林(13.87%)>25年刺槐林(13.38%);不同林龄刺槐林土壤水分均处于亏缺状态,随着林龄增加,土壤水分亏缺呈增大趋势,平均土壤水分亏缺程度为19.38%,25年刺槐林土壤水分亏缺程度最大(27.76%),40年时略有恢复(25.80%);表层土壤水分变异程度最大,变异程度随林龄增加呈增大趋势,速变层、活跃层、次活跃层和相对稳定层4个层次只在40年刺槐林均有出现。研究结果可为黄土高原植被生态恢复和科学经营人工林提供一定的理论基础。     

Alteration of apoptotic susceptibility and bcl-2 gene in malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells

AIM: To demonstrate the susceptibility of cell apoptosis varies during the progress of cell malignant transformation from human being in vitro. METHODS: A SV₄₀T-transfected human bronchial epithelial immortalized cell line (called M) was selected in this work, which has acquired some characteristics of malignant transformation at the later passage. The alterations of apoptosis and bcl-2, P53 genes between early and later passage of M cells were investigated by means of TDT labeling in situ, chromosome FISH, RNA and protein testing, etc. RESULTS: Incidence of apoptosis induced by cis-platin was significantly lower in later than in early passages of M. Levels of bcl-2 mRNA and protein in later passages were higher than early passages of M, and overexpression of bcl-2 was accumulated following the development of cellular malignancy. P53 protein level was as high in early as in later passages. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of bcl-2 decreases the cellular sensitivity to apoptotic inductors plays an important role during progress of carcinogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cancers. The inactivation of P53 protein in the SV₄₀-T transfected M cell line may be one of reasons of bcl-2 overexpression, but not associated with the accumulation of bcl-2 expressed level during cell transformation.