冬小麦茎秆生长过程中内源激素动态的系统研究

以冬小麦为材料,研究了小麦茎秆各节间伸长形成过程中内源激素系统的动态变化。结果表明,茎秆伸长启动期 IAA 含量与节间长度和节位相关密切。节间长度与伸长启动期的 IAA 含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.9353~(**));CTKs 在1,5节间含量较低;2,3,4节间含量较高;伸长过程中,随节间序位的上升,GAs 含量增加百分比大幅度提高;ABA 在整个茎秆伸长过程中含量极低。可见,IAA 与 GAs 互作,共同调控节间的伸长,其中 IAA 可能是决定节间长度的基础,与基因型有关;GAs 在调控节间长度上起主要作用。随节间的伸长和充实,IAA 含量与最大节间单位长度干重成极显著正相关(r=0.9227~(**))。IAA 与CTKs 保持原有的变化趋势,并维持到充实期末,CTKs 在第3节间含量最高,其上位和下位节间则逐步减少,似乎与茎粗有关;ABA 仍维持较低水平。节间单位长度干重达高峰后,贮存物质开始输出(撤退),IAA 和 ABA 含量在生长后期各节间均有较大幅度上升;CTKs 在输出率较高的3,4节间含量较高,而输出率较低的1,5节间含量较低;GAs 含量随节间伸长、充实、物质输出的进程逐渐增加。     

不同采收期对沙田柚采后品质的影响

研究了不同采收期对梅州沙田柚（ＣｉｔｒｕｓｇｒａｎｄｉｓＯｓｂｅｋ）果实的品质及呼吸作用的影响。结果表明：过早采收的沙田柚,其可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素Ｃ等的含量较适时采收的要低,而其有机酸含量及呼吸作用则较高。提出了梅州沙田柚最佳的采收期应是１１月上、中旬,即立冬前后,适宜采收的生理指标是可溶性固形物的质量分数为１３％。     

No consistent daily variation in DNA methylation detected in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus nigra</Emphasis> leaves by methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism analysis

DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism used by cells to control gene expression, has an important biological role in plant development and environmental fitness. Since plant DNA methylation is closely related to environmental conditions, variation during the day is expected. Here, in genetically identical plants of Populus nigra clone N46, DNA methylation changes in leaves over a 24 h period were detected using the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The results showed different DNA methylation patterns in mature poplar leaves: not only in individuals at the same time, but also in samples at each of the six time during the day. In addition, night samples had a higher percentage of methylation than in morning samples. However, no statistically significant differences were found among the samples gathered at different times. Similar results were obtained for three other P. nigra clones with different genetic backgrounds. Real time qPCR showed that the DNA methyltransferase genes Pt-MET1 and Pt-SOM1 involved in CG DNA methylation in poplar were stable over a 24 h period in leaves of P. nigra N46 compared with circadian-controlled genes. That could be part of the reason that methylation of CCGG sites is stable in those leaves. That DNA methylation differed even in genetically identical plants indicates the specificity of DNA methylation changes in their genomes. No statistically significant differences in methylation changes were found between day and night, suggesting that DNA methylation is more stable than expected and is unlikely to be involved in circadian regulation in plants.     

棘孢木霉葡聚糖酶基因Glu1的克隆及原核表达

从棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)ACCC30536中克隆获得一个葡聚糖酶基因Glu1,其cDNA全长984bp,编码327个氨基酸。该葡聚糖酶属于Glyco-hydro-12家族,推测为β-1,4-葡聚糖酶,与深绿木霉IMI 206040的Glycohydro-12家族蛋白(XP_013940397.1)有91%相似性,且亲缘关系较近。运用qRT-PCR技术检测9种诱导条件下棘孢木霉Glu1基因的表达水平,结果表明,Glu1基因能参与棘孢木霉对山新杨(Populus davidiana×P.alba var.pyramidlis)或杨树病原菌的识别。构建原核表达载体并获得重组蛋白rGlu1。酶活特性分析结果表明,该酶最适pH为4.5,最适温度为45℃,且酶活性随诱导时间延长逐渐升高,在5h达到稳定。     

加工番茄地上部干物质分配与产量预测模拟模型

为了探究加工番茄在滴灌栽培条件下地上部干物质分配动态和产量形成过程,该文通过定量分析加工番茄的生长发育特征,设置不同品种的播期试验,构建了基于分配指数(partitioning index,PI)和收获指数(harvest index,HI)的加工番茄地上部干物质分配与产量预测的模拟模型。利用与建模数据相独立的试验资料对模型进行了初步检验,结果表明,模型对不同播期、品种的加工番茄各生育期（出苗至开花、开花至坐果、坐果至红熟、红熟至拉秧期）干物质量,全生育期总干物质量、地上部茎、叶、果干质量的预测结果与1:1直线间的R2分别为0.9754、0.9936、0.9840、0.9713;0.9856;0.9595、0.9798、0.9671;RMSE和RE分别为0.029 t/hm2、11.43%;0.074 t/hm2、5.09%;0.250 t/hm2、6.83%;0.102 t/hm2、5.71%;0.504 t/hm2,8.06%;0.332 t/hm2,14.62%;0.200 t/hm2,10.84%;0.549 t/hm2,18.30%。模型对加工番茄产量的预测结果与1:1直线间的R2为0.9658,RMSE和RE分别为5.806 t/hm2、8.07%。该模型对于不同播期、品种的加工番茄干物质分配与产量的预测值与模拟值之间符合度较高,表明模型具有较好的预测性和适用性。该研究可为滴灌加工番茄精准栽培提供理论参考。     

Performance of L-493 Macroprous Resin for Adsorption of Trihalomethanes from Water

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have gained increasing attention as an effective pathway for wastewater treatment and electrical energy recovery. In this study, the...     

浓缩风能型风力发电机的整体模型风洞实验（第Ⅲ报）

低速风洞内进行的实验结果表明：当风速为５．５０ｍ／ｓ时,浓缩风能型风力发电机模型的输出功率为１００Ｗ,是直径相等的普通型风力发电机（风力机和发电机的总机械效率为０．３３２时）的输出功率的３．８倍;其输出功率相当于目前我国草原上使用的小型风力发电机输出功率的６倍;并且该机组的起动风速比相同叶轮普通型风力发电机模型的起动风速低     

Bioevaluation of human serum albumin-hesperidin bioconjugate: insight into protein vector function and conformation

Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside widely available for dietary intake in citrus fruits or citrus fruit derived products; however, exhaustive and reliable data are scarcely available for biological activity when it exerts protective health effects in humans. The principal intent of this work is to check binding domain and structural changes of human serum albumin (HSA), the primary carrier of flavonoids, in blood plasma association with hesperidin by employing molecular modeling, steady state and time-resolved fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) methods. From molecular modeling simulations, subdomains IIA and IIIA, which correspond to Sudlow's sites I and II, respectively, were earmarked to possess affinity for hesperidin, but the affinity of site I with flavanone is greater than that of site II. This corroborates the site-specific probe and hydrophobic 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) displacement results placing the hesperidin at warfarin-azapropazone and indole-benzodiazepine sites. Steady state and time-resolved fluorescence manifested that static type, due to HSA-hesperidin complex formation (1.941 × 10(4) M(-1)), is the operative mechanism for the diminution in the tryptophan (Trp)-214 fluorescence. Moreover, via alterations in three-dimensional fluorescence and CD spectral properties, we can securely draw the conclusion that the polypeptide chain of HSA is partially destabilized after conjugation with hesperidin. We anticipate that this study can provide better knowledge of bioavailability such as absorption, biodistribution, and elimination, of hesperidin in vivo, to facilitate the comprehension of the biological responses to physiologically relevant flavanones.     

不同碳水化合物对犊牛消化生理功能的研究进展

碳水化合物是多羟基醛、酮及其衍生物的总称,是反刍动物瘤胃微生物的主要能量来源,在犊牛营养中起着重要的作用.介绍了碳水化合物的分类及在瘤胃中的消化代谢情况,并就近年来不同类型碳水化合物在犊牛开食料中的应用进行综述.