欧盟共同农业政策面临的挑战及最新改革措施

共同农业政策作为联系欧盟成员国农业的纽带,在经历2003年的改革后,虽然在价格补贴、农村发展等方面取得一定的成效,但仍然面临财政负担、食品安全、新成员国加入等来自内外部的挑战和压力.为应对这些挑战和压力,欧盟进行了降低政策价格、微调配额等一系列的最新改革.     

农业信息：传统与现代的耦合

近年来，国家投资建设大量信息基础设施，以保证农业信息能更好的被农户采用。而现实中，农户并不通过网络、电视和报刊等现代信息手段获得农业信息，相反，基于地缘和血缘的熟人网络和以盈利为目的的商人成了农业信息传播的主要媒介。在这种传播方式下，农户的利益常遭侵害，农业科技难以广泛有效的传播，甚至一些假信息让农户失去了对“科技”的信赖。针对目前存在的种种问题，笔者兼顾现实与未来，提出了相关对策。     

2009年大豆市场行情回顾与2010年展望

2009年国际大豆市场触底反弹，美元疲软、流动性过剩是其上涨的外因。南美减产、中国需求增加是国际大豆回暖的关键因素．偏紧的供求结构让国际大豆库存面临考验。     

鸡新城疫免疫失败的原因及防制措施

1 免疫失败的原因1.1 免疫方式不当。鸡的新城疫(ND)保护性抗体可分为粘膜表面的IgA和血清中的IgG,只有呼吸道粘膜抗体和血清抗体都达到一定滴度时才能有效防止新城疫发生。由于免疫方法选择不当(如饮水免疫),致使鸡的呼吸道粘膜抗体未达到保护水平,或使血清中新城疫抗体不高,都可引起鸡发生新城疫。     

浅析建筑物墙体、防水层渗漏及防治措施

分析了建筑物墙体及防水层渗漏的原因,并论述了防治措施;强调施工中应加强管理,坚持“质量第一”的原则。     

银杏种子后熟生理与内源激素变化的研究

研究银杏种子后熟期间的生理变化以及内源激素对种子休眠与萌发过程的调控作用.结果表明:银杏种胚分化不完全、发育不充分是种子休眠的主要原因,银杏种子的后熟过程实质上是种胚不断分化生长的过程.在此过程中,物质代谢、酶活性的变化均有利于种胚发育和种子发芽,种子内部经历了一系列生理生化变化去调整内源激素平衡、完成种胚发育.研究发现,内源激素在银杏种子休眠与萌发过程中起着重要的作用:GA1 3是银杏种胚后熟的关键物质;ZRs对银杏种子生长起重要的促进作用;GA1 3/ABA及ZRs/ABA相对比例的变化对种子发育、胚的后熟及种子萌发均有重要的影响.     

Identification of a conservative site in the African swine fever virus p54 protein and its preliminary application in a serological assay

BackgroundASF was first reported in Kenya in 1910 in 1921. In China, ASF spread to 31 provinces including Henan and Jiangsu within six months after it was first reported on August 3, 2018. The epidemic almost affected the whole China, causing direct economic losses of tens of billions of yuan. Cause great loss to our pig industry. As ELISA is cheap and easy to operate, OIE regards it as the preferred serological method for ASF detection. P54 protein has good antigenicity and is an ideal antigen for detection.ObjectiveTo identify a conservative site in the African swine fever virus (ASFV) p54 protein and perform a Cloth-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the ASFV antibody in order to reduce risks posed by using the live virus in diagnostic assays.MethodWe used bioinformatics methods to predict the antigen epitope of the ASFV p54 protein in combination with the antigenic index and artificially synthesized the predicted antigen epitope peptides. Using ASFV-positive serum and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we performed indirect ELISA and blocking ELISA to verify the immunological properties of the predicted epitope polypeptide.ResultsThe results of our prediction revealed that the possible antigen epitope regions were A23–29, A36–45, A72–94, A114–120, A124–130, and A137–150. The indirect ELISA showed that the peptides A23–29, A36–45, A72–94, A114–120, and A137–150 have good antigenicity. Moreover, the A36–45 polypeptide can react specifically with the mAb secreted by hybridoma cells, and its binding site contains a minimum number of essential amino acids in the sequence 37DIQFINPY44.ConclusionsOur study confirmed a conservative antigenic site in the ASFV p54 protein and its amino acid sequence. A competitive ELISA method for detecting ASFV antibodies was established based on recombinant p54 and matching mAb. Moreover, testing the protein sequence alignment verified that the method can theoretically detect antibodies produced by pigs affected by nearly all ASFVs worldwide.     

不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明,两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主,在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中,两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应,在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中,显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。     

基于代谢组学技术的无机砷对三疣梭子蟹鳃组织的毒性作用机制研究

通过非靶向代谢组学方法对比分析暴露于0.3 mg/L三价砷(As3+)、0.3 mg/L五价砷(As5+)环境中96 h的雌性成体三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)代谢物组成及含量的变化,探究As3+、As5+对三疣梭子蟹鳃组织毒性相关分子机制.结果 发现,经0.3 mg/L As3+暴露共...     

巴斯德毕赤酵母表达系统研究进展

巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达系统是基因工程研究中广泛使用的真核表达系统,对Pichia pastoris基因结构、载体元件以及影响外源基因表达的因素等进行了较为全面的综述.