甘蔗育种中早代宿根选择的效应

比较不同选择途径的入选后代性状表现发现 :宿根选新植蔗 (PS)的有效茎数、小区产量和锤重明显高于新植选第 2季新植蔗 (P ) ,宿根选新植的宿根蔗 (SPS)的性状表现总体上优于新植选第 2季新植的宿根蔗 (SP ) ,SPS所有组合的小区产量均值和锤重均值都比 SP 相应组合高 ,锤度相近 .总体上 ,宿根选后代的主要性状宿根能力比新植选后代的高 .在甘蔗宿根性育种中 ,增加实生苗宿根这一环节具有重要意义 .不同选择途径的入选结果比较表明 ,只在实生苗选择单株会有很多宿根性强的基因型漏选     

栓皮栎优树选择标准和方法的初步研究

优树选择是人们在短期内进行林木遗传改良的重要手段。分别应用平均木标准差对比法、小样地法、综合评分法对 4株 30年左右的预选树进行分析 ,初步制定出栓皮栎选优标准 ,确定 SPL- 0 4为优树。研究结果表明 ,应用小样地法进行栓皮栎选优较客观、正确 ,工作量较少 ;可以预选树为中心 ,以 2 0 m为半径设置样圆 ,分别计算预选树和平均木胸径、树高、栓皮厚度的差与平均木的比值 m D,m H和 m T,若预选树生长量指标 m D≥ 4 0 % ,m H≥ 30 % ,m T≥ 1 4 0 % ,且形质指标符合要求 ,则可确定为优树     

复杂非线性电阻电路小信号分析法的研究

利用小信号分析法，对复杂线性电阻网络与数个非线性电阻元件联接的电路进行了分析求解，进而得出了复杂非线性电阻电路的一般分析方法。     

李,杏,梅亲缘关系及分类地位的同工酶研究

经对89个李品种、32个杏品种及25个梅品种(品系)进行叶柄、叶片过氧化物 酶同工酶分析,发现李、杏、梅的同工酶谱型基本相似,但亦存在特征差异,主要表现在中带区二条酶带Rf值之不同。分析其酶带及谱型的内在规律性,作者认为将李、杏、梅归为同一属(或同一亚属)较为合理;杏在系统发育过程中介于李和梅之间,而更亲近于梅;三者之间的演化途径为李→杏→梅。     

Impact features on Stardust: implications for comet 81P/Wild 2 dust

Particles emanating from comet 81P/Wild 2 collided with the Stardust spacecraft at 6.1 kilometers per second, producing hypervelocity impact features on the collector surfaces that were returned to Earth. The morphologies of these surprisingly diverse features were created by particles varying from dense mineral grains to loosely bound, polymineralic aggregates ranging from tens of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers in size. The cumulative size distribution of Wild 2 dust is shallower than that of comet Halley, yet steeper than that of comet Grigg-Skjellerup.     

Annexin V法检测盐胁迫下烟草原生质体的早期凋亡

将膜联蛋白V(Annexin V)法与碘化丙啶(PI)染色法相结合检测烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)原生质体的早期凋亡,结果表明:在中性盐胁迫下,能够很好地区分早期凋亡的原生质体和死亡的原生质体。200 mmol.L-1NaCl对烟草原生质体胁迫5 h,凋亡率能达到7.57%;但在200 mmol.L-1NaHCO3碱性盐胁迫下,质膜透性发生了改变,不易区分早期凋亡的原生质体和死亡的原生质体,同时,随着碱性的增加,原生质体破碎率显著升高。碱性的NaHCO3和Na2CO3表现出对细胞膜的破坏作用。     

Research of UD2UU with human simulated intelligent control for a double inverted pendulum

Double pendulum has four equilibrium points (down down, down up, up down, and up up). Twelve transfer actions and eight spin actions can be formed with these equilibrium points. One of the transfer action, up down to up up (UD2UU) with human simulated intelligent control (HSIC) theory based on sensor motor intelligent schema is studied. Control system designed by HSIC has following advantages: hierarchic control architecture with multi controller and multi control mode; hybrid control law combining close loop and open loop control as well as positive feedback and negative feedback control; associating schema based on characteristic model which takes charge of switch between each control mode. The design process of HSIC controller for UD2UU is discussed. The real time control results demonstrate the validation of the proposed theory and method.     

The detection of QTLs controlling bacterial wilt resistance in tobacco (N. tabacum L.)

The bacterial tobacco wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases worldwide. One strategy to improve the resistance to bacterial wilt is to make use of plant varieties expressing wilt resistance genes. To characterize the genetics of wilt resistance and to identify relevant molecular markers for use in plant breeding, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting tobacco bacterial wilt resistance were mapped in the F_2:3 and F_2:4 progeny produced from two crosses between the wilt-resistant breeding lines Enshu and Yanyan97 and the susceptible cultivar TI448A. A linkage map containing 118 loci in 24 linkage groups was constructed for 236 lines from the Enshu×TI448A cross, and a linkage map containing 96 loci in 24 linkage groups was constructed for 264 lines from the Yanyan97×TI448A cross. The wilt resistance of the progeny was examined in field trials conducted in Xuancheng, China, in 2010, 2011, and 2012. The disease severity was assessed on stems using separate rating scales. Mapmaker/EXP 3.0 and Mapmaker/QTL 1.1 were used to identify the qBWR-3a, qBWR-3b, qBWR-5a and qBWR-5b QTLs in linkage group 3 and 5; these four loci were strongly associated with resistance and explain 9.00, 19.70, 17.30, and 17.40 % of the variance in resistance, respectively. The close linkage of the markers PT20275 and PT30229 was detected in both the TI448A×Enshu and TI448A×Yanyan97 crosses, and this linkage group could be used to select individual resistant plants. These findings suggest that one strategy to combat bacterial wilt could be to exploit the resistance genes of the Enshu and Yanyan97 strains.     

粗穗披碱草1HtS染色体的蛋白质二硫键异构酶基因CAPS标记

中国春-粗穗披碱草罗伯逊1Ht S.1BL易位系高抗小麦条锈病、叶锈病和白粉病。为了获得抗病小片段易位系,用中国春ph1b基因缺失突变体对1Ht S.1BL进行了诱导,获得了大量诱导后代。本研究用位于小麦1DS染色体的87个EST-STS标记对中国春、粗穗披碱草和1Ht S.1BL易位系进行分析,未发现多态性标记。对其中扩增较好的引物BE444859的PCR产物进行随机克隆测序,获得了14个序列,与已发表的小麦蛋白质二硫键异构酶基因序列具有97%以上的同源性,14个序列均包含3个外显子和2个内含子。限制性酶切位点分析表明,仅2个序列含有HaeIII酶切位点。验证实验结果表明,BE444859/HaeIII组合可以在供试材料中获得多态性。进而用BE444859/HaeIII对一套中国春-粗穗披碱草附加系和151株诱导后代材料进行分析,结果显示,特异多态性条带仅出现在含1Ht S的材料中;68株后代材料均可扩增出多态性带。因此,BE444859/HaeIII可以作为粗穗披碱草蛋白质二硫键异构酶基因CAPS标记,用于检测小麦背景中的1Ht S染色体。本研究揭示当杂交亲本间无直接PCR多态性而又需要建立标记时,发展CAPS标记是行之有效的方法。     

贵州黄鸡蛋品质测定和相关性分析

为研究贵州黄鸡的蛋品质及各指标之间的相关性,随机抽取44周龄贵州黄鸡新鲜种蛋60枚,按照国家规定的方法,在24 h内测定相关指标。结果:贵州黄鸡平均蛋重为(52.74±5.33) g,蛋形指数1.36±0.10,蛋壳厚度(0.35±0.05) mm,蛋黄重(17.55±1.66) g,蛋黄颜色9.26±0.73,蛋白高度(4.72±1.13) mm,哈氏单位平均68.43±4.29。相关性分析表明:蛋壳强度与哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度呈显著正相关(P<0.05);蛋黄重与蛋重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与蛋黄比例和蛋壳厚度呈显著正相关(P<0.05);蛋重与蛋黄比例呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与蛋白高度呈显著正相关(P<0.05);蛋白高度与哈氏单位呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);其他性状间无显著相关性(P>0.05)。