猪场生物安全体系中十个通道的设计应用

2018年8月开始,非洲猪瘟在我国快速多点发生,该病是高度接触性传染性疾病,目前无有效的疫苗和药物控制,各大公司和养殖户开始了猪场生物安全体系的升级改造。两年后我国大部分猪场的成功复产,全国生猪出栏量的大幅提升,证明了生物安全措施巨大效力;同时在严格的生物安全措施下创新了精准剔除、快速复产等操作,进一步证明了生物安全措施的有效作用。文章主要介绍猪场生物安全体系中入口(大门)和出口(后门)最为关键防线处的通道设计,方便所有的生物安全操作能够高效落实,切断病原轻易进出猪场的途径。     

枯萎病对海岛棉产量因素及相关指标的遗传分析

以海岛棉抗病材料06-146和感病材料新海14的杂交群体为材料,考察了该群体的亲本、F1以及F2～F2∶5代家系,借助方差分析得到了枯萎病对其农艺性状和产量相关性状的影响。结果显示,随着病级的增加,株高、果枝数等性状低于对照,并且与产量相关性状下降明显。表现出了海岛棉枯萎病的致萎缩及减产的危害。运用相关分析和主成分分析,考察了病级与海岛棉产量因子之间的关系。结果显示,海岛棉产量与病级呈显著的负相关,同时与果枝数和株高呈负相关,也反应出枯萎病对海岛棉具有减产的作用。     

弧齿锥齿轮齿面闪温分布特性分析

在Blok闪温公式的基础上,计算混合弹流润滑下的齿面平均摩擦因数,修正了公式中的齿面平均摩擦因数,提高了计算精度。同时,通过计算弧齿锥齿轮沿齿面啮合点的切向速度、赫兹接触带半宽和载荷分配系数,提出了混合弹流润滑下弧齿锥齿轮沿接触轨迹和全齿面的闪温公式。经算例分析表明,非正交弧齿锥齿轮副沿接触轨迹闪温的最大值位于啮出轨迹中部,全齿面闪温的最大值在大轮节锥与齿根之间的齿面中部,这些部位最容易发生胶合。     

基于相关向量机的双变量施肥控制序列优化

提高变量施肥精度和均匀性的关键在于减小变量机构的响应时间,选择最佳控制参数。提出了一种基于相关向量机的开度转速双变量施肥控制序列决策方法。首先考虑了施肥处方中前、中、后相邻3次施肥量的相互影响,综合了开度和转速的响应时间和工作死区等特性,利用非线性规划方法实现最佳控制参数的决策,避免了小施肥量下的大开度、小转速现象,减小了对外槽轮脉动性的影响。为了协调车载计算机运算能力与控制响应的矛盾,利用相关向量机实现了施肥控制序列的近优实时计算。室内试验结果表明,平均施肥误差比原方法减小了4%,同时该方法有效地避免了极端情况下电动机无法驱动排肥转轴的情况。田间作业试验证明,使用该方法的施肥机指令响应及时,施肥均匀、准确,证明了方法的实用性。     

CX3CR1-mediated dendritic cell access to the intestinal lumen and bacterial clearance

Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are critical to innate and adaptive immunity to the intestinal bacterial microbiota. Here, we identify a myeloid-derived mucosal DC in mice, which populates the entire lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria DCs were found to depend on the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 to form transepithelial dendrites, which enable the cells to directly sample luminal antigens. CX3CR1 was also found to control the clearance of entero-invasive pathogens by DCs. Thus, CX3CR1-dependent processes, which control host interactions of specialized DCs with commensal and pathogenic bacteria, may regulate immunological tolerance and inflammation.     

碳纳米管的酸化处理对碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料微观结构及性能的影响

对多壁碳纳米管进行酸化处理,并采用原位聚合法制备了碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料。利用X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、动态力学分析(DMA)研究了碳纳米管酸化与否对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,碳纳米管经酸化处理后产生了羧基,碳纳米管的原位加入使得复合材料的储存模量和玻璃化转变温度都有所提高,而且经过酸化的碳纳米管对聚氨酯材料的改性要比未酸化碳纳米管对聚氨酯材料的改性效果更为显著。     

玉米根系的生长规律及其与产量关系的研究 Ⅰ.玉米根系生长和吸收能力与地上部分的关系

玉米初生根和1～4层次生根发生于苗期,5～6层次生根发生于拔节至孕穗期,第7层以上气生根发生于孕穗至抽雄期。在玉米生长的每一时期中,均以当时较新发生的,较上层的根发挥较大的吸收作用。根系总的吸收面积和叶面积指数都随着整个植株生长而增长,而前者达到最大值的时间早于后者。玉米地上部干物质的积累在拔节后至乳熟前急剧     

Variation of prezygotic barriers in the interspecific hybridization between oilseed rape and wild radish

Escape of transgenes from genetically modified oilseed rape, Brassica napus, into wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum, depends on sexual compatibility. The variation in prezygotic barriers of two different cultivars for interspecific hybridization with a population of wild radish was investigated by hand crossing and fluorescence microscopy of pistils. Significant differences were observed between oil seed rape cultivars in their ability to accept wild radish pollen germinating onto their stigma and the rate of fertilization of ovules. Some differences among the pollen donor plants were also detected. These results suggest that the rate of interspecific hybridization in the field would depend upon the oilseed rape cultivar and the genotype composition of the local wild populations. The implication of S-related genes, as revealed through identification by pistil tissue prints of class I and II S-types of SLG (S-Locus Glycoprotein) and SLR1 (S-Locus Related),and immuno-IEF, was not significant. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

生物柴油催化转移加氢改善其燃烧特性

采用催化转移加氢法对大豆油生物柴油(SME,soybean methyl ester)进行适度加氢制备部分加氢大豆油生物柴油(PHSME,partially hydrogenated soybean methyl ester),分析比较生物柴油加氢前后的组分、过氧化值、碘值、十六烷值与运动黏度等燃料特性参数,并基于热重-差示扫描量热法(TG-DSC,thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimeter)研究加氢提质生物柴油的着火燃烧性能。结果表明:以异丙醇为供氢体、水为反应介质和Raney-Ni为催化剂,在温度85℃和常压下对SME进行催化转移加氢反应,经GC-MS(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)检测发现高不饱和组分选择性转化为低不饱和或饱和组分,不饱和程度降低了46.2%。尽管PHSME的运动黏度略有增加,但其氧化安定性得到明显改善,且十六烷值也升高至合理的范围。在空气氛围下,由于PHSME相比于SME的分子结构变化及运动黏度增加,其在初始阶段不易挥发,但在高温阶段平均氧化速率更高,其终了失质量温度比SME提前7.2℃。由于PHSME的适度的高十六烷值属性,在DSC曲线可见其放热始点温度比SME提前10.7℃,说明提质生物柴油具有优越的着火性能。     

Estimating nocturnal ecosystem respiration from the vertical turbulent flux and change in storage of CO2

Micrometeorological measurements of nighttime ecosystem respiration can be systematically biased when stable atmospheric conditions lead to drainage flows associated with decoupling of air flow above and within plant canopies. The associated horizontal and vertical advective fluxes cannot be measured using instrumentation on the single towers typically used at micrometeorological sites. A common approach to minimize bias is to use a threshold in friction velocity, u_*, to exclude periods when advection is assumed to be important, but this is problematic in situations when in-canopy flows are decoupled from the flow above. Using data from 25 flux stations in a wide variety of forest ecosystems globally, we examine the generality of a novel approach to estimating nocturnal respiration developed by van Gorsel et al. (van Gorsel, E., Leuning, R., Cleugh, H.A., Keith, H., Suni, T., 2007. Nocturnal carbon efflux: reconciliation of eddy covariance and chamber measurements using an alternative to the u_*-threshold filtering technique. Tellus 59B, 397–403, Tellus, 59B, 307-403). The approach is based on the assumption that advection is small relative to the vertical turbulent flux (F_C) and change in storage (F_S) of CO₂ in the few hours after sundown. The sum of F_C and F_S reach a maximum during this period which is used to derive a temperature response function for ecosystem respiration. Measured hourly soil temperatures are then used with this function to estimate respiration R_Rmax. The new approach yielded excellent agreement with (1) independent measurements using respiration chambers, (2) with estimates using ecosystem light-response curves of F_c + F_s extrapolated to zero light, R_LRC, and (3) with a detailed process-based forest ecosystem model, R_cast. At most sites respiration rates estimated using the u_*-filter, R_ust, were smaller than R_Rmax and R_LRC. Agreement of our approach with independent measurements indicates that R_Rmax provides an excellent estimate of nighttime ecosystem respiration.