Novel avian orthoavulavirus 13 in wild migratory waterfowl: biological and genetic considerations

Avian orthoavulavirus 13 (AOAV-13), formerly known as Avian paramyxovirus 13 (APMV-13), is found scatteredly in wild birds around the world. Although four complete genome sequences of AOAV-13 had been identified since the first discovery in Japan in 2003, the information available on the genetic variation and biological characteristics of AOAV-13 is still limited. In the present study, we isolated six AOAV-13 strains from fecal samples of wild migratory waterfowls during annual (2014–2018) viral surveillance of wild bird populations from wetland and domestic poultry of live bird markets (LBMs) in China. The phylogenetic analyses based on the HN and F genes showed that they had very close relationship and the molecular clock estimations showed a low evolutionary rate of AOAV-13. However, Bean goose/Hubei/V97–1/2015 is 1953 nt in size (ORF, 1, 776 nt), which is a unique size and longer than other reported AOAV-13 strains. Additionally, four repeats of conserved sequences “AAAAAT” was presented in the 5′-end trailer region of Swan goose/Hubei/VI49–1/2016, which is unprecedented in the AOAV-13. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring the specific species of APMVs.

     

Irreversible competitive inhibitory kinetics of cardol triene on mushroom tyrosinase

Cardol triene was first purified from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shell liquid and identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The effects of this compound on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were studied. The results of the kinetic study showed that cardol triene was a potent irreversible competitive inhibitor and the inactivation was of the complexing type. Two molecules of cardol triene could bind to one molecule of tyrosinase and lead to the complete loss of its catalytic activity. The microscopic rate constants were determined for the reaction of cardol triene with the enzyme. The anti-tyrosinase kinetic research of this study provides a comprehensive understanding of inhibitory mechanisms of resorcinolic lipids and is beneficial for the future design of novel tyrosinase inhibitors.     

苹果叶片总蛋白提取及其双向电泳分析

蛋白质提取方法和电泳条件的建立是蛋白质组学研究中双向电泳分析的关键。通过比较不同提取方法,包括酚/SDS抽提、TCA-丙酮沉淀法、甲醇/醋酸铵沉淀法以及改良HB-酚抽提方法。此外,还优化了样品上样量、等电聚焦程序设置等条件。从所得2-D图谱分离效果来看,改良HB-酚抽提方法所得蛋白点数最多,2-D图谱背景清晰、分离效果好,明显优于其他3种方法。300μg上样量可作为苹果叶片总蛋白2-DE分析的理想的上样量,同时优化了等电聚焦程序,最终得到的2-D图谱分离效果较为理想。该研究的开展也为苹果叶片蛋白质组学后续研究奠定了基础。     

以胞质雄性不育系配制的早熟秋甘蓝新品种‘中甘22''

‘中甘22’甘蓝以胞质雄性不育系CMS8180为母本,自交系7014为父本配制而成。该一代杂种秋季种植早熟性好,定植到收获约60d;叶球单球质量1．75kg,抗病毒病和黑腐病,不易裂球,品质优,适于华北、东北、西北地区早秋种植。     

环丙沙星对水产动物气单胞菌的药效学研究

环丙沙星为第三代步诺酮类药,是一种安全。高效的抗菌剂。该药对临床分离的几株致病性气单胞菌的最小抑制浓度（MIC）为0.0098μg/ml。人工感染治疗试验表明,该药以1mg/（kg.d）剂量灌服,连用5天,能有效控制鲫鱼败血症的暴发。     

红壤柑桔园硼铜镁营养失调的诊断

根据植株外部症状及叶片、土壤分析结果,确诊福建省长泰县岩溪果场椪柑和蕉柑出现的叶片黄化、早期落叶等现象,系硼、铜过量及缺镁综合诱发的植株营养失调。发病植株叶片硼、铜含量明显超过适宜值,分别达110～258ppm和26～41ppm;镁含量偏低,为0.22％～0.31％。初步认为连年喷布(或土施)硼肥和波尔多液,以及土壤酸度过高是导致柑桔植株硼、铜、镁营养失调的直接原因。     

植物单染色体微分离技术研究进展

首先介绍了单染色体微分离技术的意义,然后综述了微细玻璃针分离法、显微激光分离法、流式细胞分类仪法、显微激光切割与微细玻璃针结合等4种染色体微分离方法在植物目标染色体分离、文库构建、特异性探针筛选、高密度分子标记连锁图谱构建等方面的研究情况,最后对其应用前景进行了展望。     

小麦红吸浆虫成灾原因分析与防治技术研究初报

通过对小麦吸浆虫发生为害调查、防治试验和灾害控制，明确了该虫在北京市成灾的主要原因有4点，即吸浆虫是外来入侵的新害虫，生活、为害隐蔽，种群数量增长迅速和防治不及时。筛选出防治吸浆虫地下虫态和成虫的最佳药剂，每公顷施48%毒死蜱EC3L、或40%辛硫磷EC5.25L，制成毒土，于小麦拔节期撒施，防治效果达77.1%以上；用10%吡虫啉WP300g，或4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC600ml，或10%吡虫啉WP150g加80%敌敌畏EC750ml，或40%氧化乐果EC1.5L，于小麦70%抽穗时喷施，对防治吸浆虫成虫均有较好的防治效果，其田间防效在85%~94.3%之间。通过4年的实践，提出吸浆虫新发区的控害措施，①即做好宣传培训，普及科学技术知识，②确定防治对策，抓好三个结合，③开展集中管理，统一防治。     

油柿叶片离体再生体系的建立

以油柿叶片为材料开展了离体培养研究,旨在建立其再生体系,为转基因操作奠定基础。结果表明,油柿叶盘在MS（1/2N）+IBA0.1mg/L+ ZT3.0mg/L培养基上,经前期暗处理3周后移至正常光照下培养的再生效果最好,其不定芽再生率和外植体平均不定芽数最高,分别为80.5%和（4.1±0.8）个。再生苗接种于添加IAA和IBA各0.5mg/L的MS(1/2N)培养基上,4周时生根率可达92%,成功地建立了油柿叶片的离体再生体系。