插入式滴灌管局部阻力相邻影响研究

为研究插入式滴头局部阻力间的相互影响,以16插入式滴灌管为研究对象,设置6种滴头间距进行灌水试验,同时采用CFD模拟并分析验证。在此基础上对20滴灌管进行了模拟研究。结果表明:滴头局部阻力相邻影响系数模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合;滴头局部阻力相邻影响系数随滴头间距的减小而减小;滴头前后扰动范围和流速分布的变化是滴头局部阻力产生相邻影响的主要原因;滴灌设计中,当滴头间距小于0.5 m时,应考虑滴头局部阻力间的相邻影响,相邻影响系数取值范围为0.9~1.0。     

膜下滴灌对水稻根系形态及生理性状的影响

为探明水稻在膜下滴灌灌溉方式下根系生长发生的变化,设置小区试验与传统淹灌进行对比,以粳稻品种“T-04”和“T-43”为材料,研究了膜下滴灌灌溉方式对水稻根系形态、根系氧化力和硝酸还原酶的影响.结果表明:土表下20 cm深度,膜下滴灌水稻的根系长度、表面积、体积和平均直径都高于传统淹灌,并且差异具有统计学意义.土表下40 cm,膜下滴灌对水稻根系形态影响不具有统计学意义;水稻根系氧化力都是呈先增大,后减小的趋势,水稻根系氧化力最大期因品种而异.分蘖期膜下滴灌对水稻根系氧化力的影响因品种而异,但在拔节孕穗期、齐穗期和乳熟期,膜下滴灌水稻根系氧化力高于传统淹灌,并且差异具有统计学意义,膜下滴灌水稻后期根系具有较强的抗衰老能力;膜下滴灌水稻根系硝酸还原酶活性高于传统淹灌,但在分蘖期和乳熟期的差异不具有统计学意义,在拔节孕穗期和齐穗期差异具有统计学意义.     

虚拟仪器在杏鲍菇生长环境监控系统中的应用

有机食用菌杏鲍菇的栽培是宁夏南部山区的特色产业,杏鲍菇的生物学特性直接决定了工厂化栽培的基本特征。温湿度、二氧化碳浓度等环境因子对杏鲍菇不同时期的生长有着重要影响,研究环境因子的调控理论和方法是提升杏鲍菇品质与产量的重要基础,因此需要对环境因子各种变量进行数据采集。为此,以三菱FX2NPLC、FX2N-4 AD模拟量输入模块,以及传感器搭建环境因子数据采集平台;并以Lab VIEW作为上位机,通过PC与PLC串口通信,实现对环境因子的实时监控及数据存储。该研究为后期分析温室内外环境因子与杏鲍菇生长发育状况的数据关系奠定了科学基础。     

冬小麦体细胞无性系种子蛋白质含量的遗传

从同一单倍体的幼穗、成熟胚、继代花药愈伤组织和种子植株幼穗获得的无性系，其蛋白质含量的变幅很大，分别为１２．１４％￣２１．３３％、１３．９８％￣２０．５１％，１３．８２％￣１７．９７％和１６．６２％￣２２．１６％。无性系蛋白质含量的变异发生在早代。获得的高蛋白特性可以遗传。已从单倍体幼穗无性系获得５个蛋白质含量高（１９％以上）的冬小麦新品系。     

陆地棉新的黄绿苗突变体浙12—12N叶绿素含量与净光合速率研究

黄绿苗浙１２─１２Ｎ与美国芽黄等突变体的芽黄性状差异明显、苗期真叶叶绿素含量也迥然不同，黄绿苗浙１２─１２Ｎ的子叶和苗期真叶均呈现淡黄色、叶绿素ａ＋ｂ、ａ、ｂ的含量及ａ／ｂ比值各为１．２３５５ｍｇ／ｇ、０．７９３３ｍｇ／ｇ、０．４４２２ｍｇ／ｇ鲜叶和１．７９９１，分别比常绿苗的泗棉２号低３３。３２％、３４．３３％、３１．４４％和３．８９％；较苗色浅黄至黄色的Ｔ５８２、Ｖ１、Ｖ２、Ｖ３高１４．２６％～５８．２４％、１４．７９％～６５．５９％、１３．３２％～４５．０５％和２．０３％～５９．２６％。在棉铃吐絮前、黄绿苗浙１２─１２Ｎ的上部主茎叶及果枝新出叶仍然显现淡黄色、各叶位叶片叶绿素含量呈现由上而下递增趋势，主茎顶端完全展开叶、倒二叶的叶绿素含量极显著地低于泗棉２号、斯字棉７０１Ｎ，但倒五叶及其以下各叶的叶绿素含量反而较常绿色品种高。其各叶位叶片的净光合速率不同程度地高于泗棉２号，且水分利用率和无能利用率高。     

A comparison of progeny from diallel crosses of diploid potato with regard to the frequencies of 2n-pollen grains

Summary Selection of diploid potato genotypes that produce high frequencies of 2n-pollen grains in different environments is an important requirement for analytic breeding as well as for true potato seed production. In this context, quantitative estimates of 2n-pollen formation were made in two type of diploid potato populations. One population set consisted of the progeny from diallel crosses of five well-known diploid potato clones (A=US-W 5293.3, B=US-W 5295.7, C=US-W 5337.3, D=US-W 7589.2 and E=772102-37). Another population set was obtained by pollinating three genotypes of Solanum phureja, IvP35, IvP48 and IvP101 with clones A, C and E. It was observed that the behaviour of the parental clones with respect to 2n-pollen grains formation in different environments, such as in Europe and China, was stable. The correlation coefficient between means of 2n-pollen grains frequency of combinations and percentage of genotypes with more than 5% 2n-pollen grains in a given combination were estimated and that between mean and maximum frequency of 2n-pollen grains formation in each combination. The results showed that the former coefficients were significant wheareas the latter were not. The combining ability analysis revealed variation in 2n-pollen grains formation between families. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects contributed much more than general combining ability (GCA) to the variation in 2n-pollen grains formation. The broad-sense heritability of 2n-pollen grains formation was estimated to vary between 0.45 and 0.53 and the narrow-sense heritability was calculated to be 0.15 and 0.20 in the two types of populations. This means that additive variance was relatively low. Two to four genes were estimated to control the inheritance of 2n-pollen grains formation.     

Design and Analysis of Vibration of the Slender Hammering Stem

The structure of the slender hammering stem with elastic supporting device isdesigned in this paper,a multiple degree of freedom vibration dynamic model is set up.With an example of the 2T air-hydraulic hammer,the theoretical analysis and computation are given.     

Prediction of the Economic Development for the Circumjacent Reservoir Region of the Longtan Hydropower Project Using Grey Quantitative Analog

In order to overcome some technical difficulties,we adopt ingenously the grey models combined with the quantitative analog method,and select the Dan Jiangkou Project which has accumulated practical operation data for a long time as the analog project to predict the economic influence for the circumjacent reservoir region of the Longtan hydropower project.On the basis of analog we have built various industrial economic grey models,and compare them with the corresponding predictions for the unconstructed reservoir case.The predictions of the former are greatly larger than the later ones.and hence provides a certain scientific basis for the central leaders to make a decision for constructing the huge hydropower project ultimateiy.     

粳型杂种稻米品质性状的表现及遗传控制

研究了由4个不育系及其保持系与7个恢复系配组的24个粳型杂种的9个品质性状的遗传表现 , 结果表明： (1)杂种粳米的品质性状表现普遍介于双亲之间, 但粒宽和直链淀粉含量有 较多的超高亲组合, 糙米率和精米率有较多的超低亲组合。 (2)杂种的整精米率、 粒长、 粒宽、 垩白率、 糊化温度5个性状与不育系呈显著正相关; 糙米