Tissue iron distribution and adaptation of iron absorption in rats exposed to a high dietary level of NaFeEDTA

Although it has been shown that iron absorption from NaFeEDTA, a promising iron fortificant, is effectively down-regulated in iron-loaded rats, effects of prolonged exposure to high dietary levels of NaFeEDTA are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine whether rats can adapt to a high dietary level of NaFeEDTA by down-regulating iron absorption, and to determine effects on tissue iron distribution, with or without an iron absorption inhibitor. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to diets supplemented with FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA at 1200 mg of Fe/kg of diet, with or without tea, for 27 days. Iron absorption measured by whole-body counting before and after exposure showed that rats adapted to the high dietary level of FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA by down-regulating iron absorption to a similar extent. However, nonheme iron concentrations in liver and spleen were about 35-50% lower, whereas the concentration in kidney was about 300% higher in rats fed NaFeEDTA, compared to rats fed FeSO4. Tea had no major impact on iron absorption or iron status, regardless of iron source. Our results showed that although iron absorption was down-regulated similarly, body iron distribution was markedly different between rats exposed to FeSO4 and those exposed to NaFeEDTA. Further studies are warranted to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to dietary NaFeEDTA on kidney iron accumulation and kidney function.     

种子加工厂经济规模探讨

以种子到达最终农户的总成本费用为基础,分析了运输费用对加工厂生产规模的影响机制,通过建立数学模型推导出了运输费用的计算公式,利用对总成本费用求极值方法确定加工厂的经济规模和最佳服务半径,推导出种子需求密度、加工厂的固定成本以及单位运输费用是影响加工厂经济规模的主要因素,并得出了经济规模与各因素之间的变化关系,为今后确定加工项目的经济规模提供了理论依据。     

鸡痘病毒载体复制非必需片段优化及强启动子的筛选

以痘苗病毒启动子Ｐ７．５调控的β－半乳糖苷酶基因为检测基因,分别插入三个复制非必需片段构成重组质粒,脂本介导转染鸡痘病毒中国疫苗株２８２Ｅ４感染原代鸡胚成细胞（ＣＥＦ）单层,蓝斑选纯化病毒;将重组病毒感杂次代ＣＥＦ,收获细胞后制备提取物,检测其中的β－半乳糖苷酶的活性,由此得到一个基因表达效率高的复制非必需片段ｐＦＰＶ７ｓ。根据痘苗病毒天然启动子Ｐ７．５的结构,人工合成４条寡核苷酸,形成一个早期和     

长期施肥对潮土团聚体有机碳分子结构的影响

采取长期施用有机肥（CM）、一半化肥氮和一半有机肥氮（HCM）、化肥（NPK）和不施肥对照（CK）的土壤,用湿筛法分为大团聚体（2000~250 μm）、微团聚体（250~53 μm）和粉砂 黏粒组分（<53 μm）,利用固态13C-核磁共振技术分析了土壤和团聚体中有机质的分子结构特征。结果表明,随着团聚体粒径减小,烷基碳/烷氧碳比值逐渐提高,并与土壤C/N呈显著负相关（R2 = 0.421,p = 0.022）,表明随着团聚体粒径减小,有机质的分解程度不断增加。与对照土壤相比,长期施用有机肥（HCM和CM处理）提高了土壤中烷氧碳和羰基碳的相对含量,烷氧碳的增加主要是由于大团聚体中甲氧基和含氮烷基碳相对含量的增加,羰基碳则主要在大团聚体和微团聚体中积聚。施用化肥土壤提高了烷氧碳和烷基碳的相对含量,烷氧碳增加主要是由于大团聚体中甲氧基和含氮烷基碳以及微团聚体中含氧烷基碳相对含量的提高,烷基碳增加主要发生在大团聚体。有机肥和化肥处理土壤中芳基碳相对含量降低1.8%~4.6%,主要是大团聚体和微团聚体中芳基碳比例下降引起的。而在粉砂 黏粒组分中芳基碳和酚基碳均增加,烷基碳相对含量降低5.9%~7.1%,表明施肥更利于芳香碳在小粒径组分中积累,减弱烷基碳在小粒径组分中的积累。结果表明长期施用有机肥可通过大团聚体和微团聚体物理保护肥料带入的大量碳水化合物和有机酸从而提高土壤有机碳含量。     

奶牛和小鼠半胚低温冷冻的研究

本实验对小鼠裸半胚采取了多种不同的处理方式，其中冷冻前不培养、冷冻前经短时间培养和冷冻前经长时间培养的冷冻半胚解冻后培养发育率分别为１４．５５％、２６．６７％和６．１２％；装透明带半胚和装透明带后再用琼脂包埋半胚的解冻后培养发育率分别为５６．６７％和６４．２９％；小鼠半胚快速冷冻解冻的培养发育率为６２．００％。此外．将１０枚奶牛半胚装带、包埋、冷冻解冻后，移植给５头受体．结果有１头妊娠；奶牛整胚冷冻后分割的半胚移植妊娠率为２８．５７％（４／１４）。     

Effect of pH on nitrogen mineralization in crop-residue-treated soils

Summary This study compares N mineralization in soils treated with crop residues [corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.)] or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at three adjusted soil pH values (4, 6, and 8); pH was adjusted with dilute H₂SO₄ or KOH. A sample of soil (20 g) was treated with 0.448 g plant material (equivalent to 50t ha^–1), mixed with 20 g silica sand adjusted to the pH of the soil, and packed in a leaching tube. The soil-sand mixture was leached with 100 ml 5 mM CaCl₂ adjusted to the same pH as that of the treated soil to remove the initial mineral N, and incubated at 30°C. The leaching procedure was repeated every 2 weeks for 20 weeks. Results from three soils showed that N mineralization increased as the soil pH increased. In one soil (Lester soil), significant amounts of NH ₄ ⁺ -N accumulated at pH 4 during the first 12 weeks. Treatment with corn and soybean residues resulted in a marked reduction in N mineralization, especially at pH 4. The percentage of organic N mineralized from sorghum residue and alfalfa added to soils increased as the soil pH increased; the values ranged from 7.7% to 37.0% for sorghum and from 17.2% to 30.1% for alfalfa.     

京郊农村住宅保温节能方案的探讨

本文在对京郊农宅发展现状进行了大量社会调查的基础上,分析了农宅能耗现状及设计与建设中存在的弊端,并选取模拟计算单体,应用《民用建筑节能设计标准》中的计算方法,对农宅围护结构能耗情况进行了定量计算。通过改变围护结构方案后的能耗与经济性比较,提出了“七·五”期间以及其后的十年中(即1990～2000年)农宅围护结构的适宜作法。按这种作法确定的农宅建筑,可以达到保温性能好、节约能源、经济的要求,对改变目前农村能源不足的状况很有价值,而且为农民创造了舒适的生活条件。     

永嘉县乌牛早茶产业化发展的若干思考

永嘉县乌牛早茶生产历史悠久,生态环境优越,茶叶品质优异, 以形美质佳香高味醇且上市早而闻名海内外.茶业已成为永嘉县农业经济发展的重要支柱产业、优势产业和特色产业.如何做好这"三产业"的文章,笔者认为,只有通过提高茶农素质、加快培育龙头企业、统一品牌、加大扶持力度才能更好更快地推进茶业产业化的发展.     

提水泵站空流段流量配合问题探讨

通过对水泵性能差异引起的水泵出水量的变化分析,提出了调节级间流量差的小机组流量的确定方法,解决了多级提水泵站空流段的级间流量配合问题。     

混浊型芦荟原汁保健饮料的研制

论述以新鲜芦荟为主要原料,以科学配方研制出天然芦荟饮料,在营养、保健、风味等方面均达到了良好效果