正安县山羊主要疫病血清抗体检测报告

为了解正安县山羊主要疫病的发展趋势,通过虎红平板凝集试验、正向间接血凝试验、酶联免疫吸附试验等方法对正安县引进山羊进行布鲁氏杆菌病、O型口蹄疫、AsiaI型口蹄疫、山羊传染性胸膜肺炎、山羊痘等主要疫病血清抗体的检测。结果表明,O型口蹄疫、AsiaI型口蹄疫和山羊痘免疫抗体阳性率分别为79．42％、81．18％和99．58％,未免疫的布鲁氏杆菌病、羊传染性胸膜肺炎的丝状支原体山羊亚种和绵羊肺炎支原体未免疫抗体阳性率分别为0％、0％和3．81％。监测结果为山羊健康的引进、培育和扩繁提供了一些基础数据,对指导养羊生产有一定的意义。     

Comparative expression profile of microRNAs and piRNAs in three ruminant species testes using next‐generation sequencing

microRNA (miRNA) and piwi‐interacting RNA (piRNA) are two classes small non‐coding regulatory RNAs that play crucial roles in multiple biological processes such as spermatogenesis. However, there are no published studies on conjoint analysis of miRNA and piRNA profiles among cattle, yak and their interspecies (the dzo) using sequencing technology. Next‐generation sequencing technology was used to profile miRNAs and piRNAs among those three ruminants to elucidate their functions. A total of 119, 14 and six differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained in cattle vs. dzo, cattle vs. yak and yak vs. dzo comparison groups, while there were 873, 1,065 and 1,158 differentially expressed piRNAs in those three comparison groups. The expression of three miRNAs was validated in the three ruminants, and the results suggested that the miRNA expression profiles data could represent actual miRNA expression levels. Moreover, the putative targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by their own genome, it is worth to note that both the cattle and yak genome were used for dzo, then the targets were subjected to GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis, revealing the likely roles for these differentially expressed miRNAs in spermatogenesis. In conclusion, this study provided a useful resource for further elucidation of the miRNAs and piRNAs regulatory roles in spermatogenesis. It may also facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for dzo reproduction research.     

披碱草属四种植物主要形态特征的变异性比较

应用变异系数、主成分分析、系统聚类分析方法,对披碱草属四种不同生境来源的18个居群的180份材料进行形态特征比较分析.变异系数分析结果表明:(1)披碱草属4种植物的不同居群在形态特征上具有变异性;(2)不同居群内及居群间的形态特征存在一定程度的变异;(3)穗部形态特征中的颖及稃特征是种间和种以下分类的重要依据.主成分分析结果表明:颖长、颖脉数、外稃长、内稃长、小穗长、小穗宽等是种间分类的重要特征指标.系统聚类分析法分析表明:在欧式距离等于5时可将来自不同生境的18个居群分为3类,经鉴定第一类为披碱草和老芒麦,第二类为麦宾草,第三类是圆柱披碱草;其中麦宾草的归类清晰.     

阿维菌素对小鼠雌性生殖细胞的致突变性研究

阿维菌素是我国生产的一种高效广谱抗寄生虫抗生素，对动物的消化道线虫和外寄生虫有很强的驱杀作用。本文选择了第二次减数分裂中期相（ＭＩＩ）卵母细胞和第一次分裂中期相合子染色体畸变分析方法，研究其对哺乳动物雌性生殖细胞的遗传毒性。１．ＭＩＩ卵母细胞染色体畸变分析：根据阿维菌素的小鼠急性毒性试验结果（小鼠经口ＬＤ５０＝１９．１９ｍｇ／ｋｇ），设以下剂量组：１．９２、３．８４和９．６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（约相当于１     

小尾寒羊多胎性能候选基因的研究进展

小尾寒羊具有常年发情、性成熟早和多胎性能的高繁殖力特性,平均每胎产羔2.6只,是我国优良的地方绵羊品种,也是我国独特的遗传资源。目前在BooroolaMerino羊、Inverdale羊和Hanna羊中已找到影响多胎性能的主基因,但国内对小尾寒羊多胎性能遗传机制的研究主要集中在常规的选育和分子标记方面,也有一些以候选基因法从分子水平上对小尾寒羊多胎机制进行研究,仍没有确立控制小尾寒羊高繁特性的主效基因,本文就其研究现状进行综述,为小尾寒羊主效基因的研究提供有益的参考。     

维生素E对绵羊鲜精及冻精精液品质的影响

日粮中添加维生素E可以提高绵羊鲜精的活率 ,对照组和试验组的活率分别为 0 72± 0 0 7和 0 78± 0 0 6(P <0 0 5 ) ,显著改善鲜精精液品质。采用两步稀释法在绵羊冷冻精液稀释液中添加维生素E ,可以极显著降低冷冻对精子顶体的冷刺激损害程度 ,试验组的活率 ( 0 43 5± 0 0 2 0 )极显著高于对照组 ( 0 3 65± 0 0 2 6) (P <0 0 1) ,精子顶体的总异常率试验组 ( 3 3 72 % )极显著低于对照组 ( 4 4 3 5 % ) (P <0 0 1) ,其中试验组顶体膨胀率和脱落率与对照组分别为 1 2 8%±0 5 8%、2 3 0 8%± 1 45 %与 2 68%± 0 5 9%、2 8 96%± 3 14 %。冷冻精液品质显著改善。     

带双负载运行的VIENNA整流器中点电压平衡控制

针对VIENNA整流器结构固有的中点电压波动问题,可以通过双负载结构中调整负载的大小来观察。文章分析了三相VIENNA整流器的工作原理,采用一种电压电流双环结构,空间矢量调制(SVPWM)方式控制运行。针对三电平结构固有中点电压波动问题,通过调节正负小矢量的作用时间,能够达到双负载在大小不同的情况下,直流电压稳定,中点电压平衡的效果,最后使用MATLAB/Simulink仿真证明了此方案的可行性。     

Effect of early gestational undernutrition on angiogenic factor expression and vascularity in the bovine placentome

The effect of early gestation maternal undernutrition followed by realimentation on placentomal vascular growth and angiogenic factor expression was determined in multiparous beef cows bred to the same bull. Cows gestating only female fetuses (n = 30) were fed in equal numbers to meet the NRC requirements (control) or were fed below the NRC requirements to lose BW (nutrient restricted; NR) from d 30 to 125 of gestation. After slaughter on d 125 of gestation, 10 control and 10 NR cows were necropsied. The remaining NR cows (n = 5) were then fed to achieve a BCS equal to their control group contemporaries (n = 5) by d 220 of gestation. All cows were fed the control diet from d 220 until 250 of gestation, when the remaining control and NR cows were slaughtered and necropsied. At necropsy, placentomes were fixed via perfusion of the caruncular and cotyledonary arteries to determine capillary vascular density. Cotyledonary (fetal placental) and caruncular (maternal placental) tissues also were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and mRNA concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and its 2 specific receptors, fms-like tyrosine kinase and kinase insert domain containing receptor, as well as placental growth factor, were determined. There was no effect of diet or day of gestation on the percentage of proliferating caruncular cells. Although diet did not impact cotyledonary cellular proliferation, there was an increase (P < 0.05) in the percentage of proliferating cells on d 250 compared with d 125 of gestation. Nutrient restriction from d 30 to 125 increased (P < or = 0.10) placental mRNA concentrations of placental growth factor and fms-like tyrosine kinase; however, there was no alteration in vascularity. By d 250 of gestation, NR cows had increased (P < 0.05) caruncular capillary surface density and decreased (P < 0.05) cotyledonary capillary area density, capillary number density, and capillary surface density compared with control cows. Although nutrient restriction had little effect on placental vascularity by d 125, upon realimentation, alterations in vascularity became apparent by d 250 of gestation, suggesting a placental programming effect.     

添加剂对白三叶青贮的影响

为探讨不同添加剂对白三叶（Trifolium repens）青贮的影响,以营养生长期白三叶为原料,分别设计对照、添加甲酸（6 mL/kg）、蔗糖（2%）处理,袋装密封青贮360 d后取样分析。结果表明,添加甲酸或蔗糖都能显著改善白三叶青贮饲料的发酵品质,极显著降低青贮饲料的pH值、乙酸和氨态氮含量（P<0.01）,极显著增加乳酸含量（P<0.01）。添加甲酸或蔗糖显著提高白三叶青贮饲料的干物质保存率（P<0.05）,显著提高ADF含量（P<0.05）。青贮之后,硝酸盐含量下降。     

吡啶羧酸铬对肉鸭后期作用效果初探

选用21日龄樱桃谷鸭36只,采用有重复对照试验,比较饲粮中添加0．2×10－6吡啶羧酸铬对肉鸭生产性能、屠体品质和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,吡啶羧酸铬对增重、饲料转化率无显著影响,对屠宰率、胸肌率和皮脂率亦无显著影响;但使心重、血清总甘油三酯显著降低,血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著增加。