辣椒素类物质的测定、提取及应用研究进展

本文介绍了辣椒果实中辣椒素类物质的化学组成与结构,综述了国内外在辣椒素类物质的测定、提取及应用方面的研究情况。     

谈砖砌体裂缝原因及其防治

分析了砖砌体裂缝的三种原因:即温差变形引发的、地基基础不均匀沉降引起的及特殊砌体材料产生的裂缝;并阐明了防治裂缝的对策.     

曹州木瓜果实香气物质的研究

利用顶空固相微萃取法提取芳香物质,气相色谱-质谱联机定性定量分析,测定曹州木瓜狮子头、剩花、豆青和玉兰的挥发性物质,并对木瓜不同品种的香气组分进行分析探讨.共测定出145种香气组分,曹州木瓜狮子头、剩花、豆青和玉兰分别为70、70、69和70种,各自占总峰面积的99.88%、99.7%、99.97%、99.37%,以醇类、醛类、烯烷类、酮类、酯类、杂环类等为主,其中又以C6醇(如1-己醇、2,4-己二烯-1-醇、反式-2-甲基-环戊醇等)、C6醛[(E)-2-己烯醛、2-己烯醛、E,E-2,4-己二烯醛等]居多.结果表明:狮子头、剩花、豆青和玉兰不同品种香气组分存在一定的差异,但大部分主要组分相同;主要组分含量差异是曹州木瓜不同品种间香气不同的主要原因.     

小型轮式机械铲的设计与样机制造

介绍一种小型轮式机械铲的主要性能和结构,该设备可将留在粮仓地坪上(5～10 cm厚度)或墙根拐角处的粮食聚拢成堆,由扒谷机等出粮机械等进行出仓作业,也可将粮食直接推向卸粮口.更换铲板后,还可对晒场上的粮食进行翻晒作业.设备单人操作,轻便灵活,所需行走及推粮动力均由蓄电池提供,可用作为粮食出仓辅助设备.     

我国冬小麦品种(系)主要品质性状的表现及其相关性

为给优质小麦品种选育提供依据,利用2002～2004年度我国冬小麦品种区域试验的品质测定结果,对185份小麦样品主要品质性状的表现和性状间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,近二年所选育的新品种（系）容重基本达标,蛋白质含量并不低于国外小麦,但蛋白质质量和面筋质量较差,品质性状不太协调,多数属于中筋或中弱筋类型。蛋白质与湿面筋、沉淀值呈极显著正相关。强筋组和总样品中蛋白质含量和稳定时间相关不显著,表明强筋小麦改良更应注重提高蛋白质的质量。沉淀值与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、形成时间、稳定时间、抗延阻力、拉伸面积大多呈极显著正相关;形成时间、稳定时间与抗延阻力、拉伸面积闭大多呈显著正相关。因此认为沉淀值可作为品质育种早代选择的主要指标。     

学报发行应建立"问责制"

作为主办单位的“窗口”,学报的发行往往与编辑职能混于一体,没有单独设立相应机构,发行数量长期偏低。阐述了学报发行现状,指出发行量过低的危害,提出学报发行“问责制”设想:成立学报发行委员会,负责承担发行责任;成立学报发行部(室);举办学报发行研讨会或年会等。并就搞好“问责制”应注意的几个问题加以说明。     

动态载荷下基于声发射技术的杨木破坏过程检测

利用声发射检测和力学试验相结合的方法,研究山杨木材在动态载荷下的声发射演变过程;结合木材粘弹性特点,通过声发射参数分析研究在不同受力阶段木材的声发射特点.结果表明:1)声发射信号幅值不连续,是跃迁的;材料断裂前声发射信号的幅值和能量比断裂后小,在断裂点对应声发射信号幅值和能量的局部极大值.2)随时间和载荷的变化,声发射累计撞击数和累计能量增加快慢可以体现杨木在受力条件下的完全弹性、弹性为主的弹塑性共存、塑性为主的弹塑性共存3种状态.3)声发射率和幅值参数可以预测材料纤维开始断裂进入危险期的第一"临界点"和材料大量纤维断裂进入严重危险期的第二"临界点",如果继续加载材料将会破坏断裂.     

Approaches to Configuration Determinations of Flexible Marine Natural Products: Advances and Prospects

Flexible marine natural products (MNPs), such as eribulin and bryostatin, play an important role in the development of modern marine drugs. However, due to the multiple chiral centers and geometrical uncertainty of flexible systems, configuration determinations of flexible MNPs face great challenges, which, in turn, have led to obstacles in druggability research. To resolve this issue, the comprehensive use of multiple methods is necessary. Additionally, configuration assignment methods, such as X-ray single-crystal diffraction (crystalline derivatives, crystallization chaperones, and crystalline sponges), NMR-based methods (JBCA and Mosher’s method), circular dichroism-based methods (ECCD and ICD), quantum computational chemistry-based methods (NMR calculations, ECD calculations, and VCD calculations), and chemical transformation-based methods should be summarized. This paper reviews the basic principles, characteristics, and applicability of the methods mentioned above as well as application examples to broaden the research and applications of these methods and to provide a reference for the configuration determinations of flexible MNPs.     

基于NbS的北京市乔木林固碳能力分析

[目的]乔木林生物质碳汇是影响森林碳汇的重要组成部分,是一种自然的气候解决方案,在全球气候变化大背景下,森林的固碳潜力一直被广泛关注,本文以北京市为例,分析不同的林业活动对乔木碳储量的影响.[方法]采用北京市森林资源设计调查数据,利用IPCC材积源-生物量法估算北京市乔木林碳储量,分析了2009-2014年北京市在森林...     

Taxonomic and Bioactivity Characterizations of Mameliella alba Strain LZ-28 Isolated from Highly Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09. Collective phenotypic and genotypic profiles were obtained to confidently identify this strain as a new Mameliella alba member. Comparative genomic analysis showed that strain LZ-28 shared highly similar functional features with other four marine algae-derived M. alba strains in spite of their distinctive isolation sources. Based on the bioactivity assaying, the mutual growth-promoting effects between bacterial strain LZ-28 and algal strain LZT09 were observed. After the culture conditions were optimized, strain LZ-28 demonstrated an extraordinary production ability for its bioflocculanting exopolysaccharides (EPS). Moreover, the portions of two monosaccharides glucose and fucose of the EPS were found to positively contribute to the bioflocculanting capacity. Therefore, the present study sheds light on the similar genomic features among the selected M. alba strains, and it also reveals the potential pharmaceutical, environmental and biotechnological implications of active EPS produced by this new Mameliella alba strain LZ-28 recovered from toxic bloom-forming marine dinoflagellate.