Serine-to-glycine ratios in low-protein diets regulate intramuscular fat by affecting lipid metabolism and myofiber type transition in the skeletal muscle of growing-finishing pigs

Serine and glycine are 2 of the first-affected nonessential amino acids in low crude protein (CP) diets for pigs. Therefore, we explored the effects of different dietary serine-to-glycine ratios on growth performance and lipid metabolism in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 160 crossbred healthy barrows, with a similar body weight of around 59.50 kg, were randomly allotted into 1 of 5 treatments (8 pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen). The serine-to-glycine ratios of the 5 dietary treatments were as follows: diet A (NORMAL group), 1.18:1 (16% CP); diet B (LOW group), 1.2:1 (12% CP); diet C (S2G1 group), 2:1 (12% CP); diet D (S1G2 group), 1:2 (12% CP); and diet E (S1G1 group), 1:1 (12% CP).We found that the pigs fed a low CP diet (12% CP), when maintaining serine-to-glycine ratio at 1:2 and a total amount of 1.44%, had the same average daily gain as the pigs fed a normal CP diet (16% CP) (P > 0.05), but they had increased intramuscular fat (P < 0.05). Furthermore, they exhibited higher expression of genes involved in lipid oxidation (P < 0.05), which was regulated by modulating methylation levels in the promoters of acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain (ACADM). When compared with the pigs fed a normal CP diet, these pigs had more oxidative myofibers (P < 0.05), which were regulated by AMPK-PGC-1α and Calcineurin-MEF2/NFAT pathways in a coordinated manner. Our findings suggested that a dietary serine-to-glycine ratio of 1:2 is beneficial for improving meat quality in pigs fed a low CP diet.     

离体牛小肠细胞对β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素吸收的研究

用分离出的牛小肠细胞分别与含不同浓度的β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素培养液温育,结果小肠粘膜细胞对两种类胡萝卜素的吸收呈浓度依赖性,吸收率稳定,与浓度无关,且吸收不受培养温度的影响,因而推断牛小肠细胞对两种类胡萝卜素的吸收是一种被动扩散机制,培养液中聚环氧乙烷山梨糖醇单月桂酸脂(Tween 20)超过一定浓度则抑制类胡萝卜素进入肠细胞,其中对叶黄素抑制作用最大。     

先灵葆雅:打造动保业金牌跨国公司——"先灵葆雅家禽疾病防治和饲料技术高峰论坛"在千岛湖举行

2007年5月29日,"先灵葆雅家禽疾病防治和饲料技术高峰论坛"在浙江千岛湖顺利举行,这是继2006年5月四川峨眉山"家禽疾病防治高层论坛"后先灵葆雅动物保健在中国的又一次盛     

Efficacy of the immunoblot assay for cysticercosis in pigs and modulated expression of distinct IgM/IgG activities to Taenia solium antigens in experimental infections

A recently invented immunoblot assay for human cysticercosis was evaluated for efficacy in pigs. The test population consists of 45 pigs with parasitologically confirmed cysticercosis, 47 with heterologous infections, 45 SPF or concrete raised control animals. With this group of 137 animals the test performance was 100% sensitive and 100% specific. The antigen-specific responses of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG and IgM in four pigs infected with Taenia solium eggs derived from a human were quantified by immunoblot. Antigen-specific activities were observed as early as 1 week postinfection. The first antigen-specific isotypic response was IgM antibodies directed against a glycoprotein at 97 KD (GP97). This activity generally disappeared between the sixth and ninth week postinfection. Between Weeks 5 and 8, IgG activity rose as IgM activity fell. The IgG activity, however, was directed mostly towards GP50 and GP42 antigens. If the same response occurs in people with cysticercosis, identifying specific isotype activity may help to distinguish new infection from old.     

影响饲料制粒的因素及其控制方法分析

影响制粒的因素很多,有制粒机自身性能、待制粒原料理化性质、生产操作和工艺条件等。本文从饲料组分、物料理化性质、配方组成、压模和压辊等几个方面作了简要阐述,为提高饲料制粒效率,保证制粒质量提供参考。     

豆科牧草追施钾肥试验

试验结果表明，当旱地红壤养分中的速效钾含量在７５．５ｐｐｍ情况下，白三叶每公顷追施氯化钾２２５ｋｇ，结果施肥比对照每公顷增产鲜草７７７９ｋｇ，每公顷氯化立鲜草３４．６ｋｇ，增产率达２９％。按生物统计ｔ测验，增产显著。当稻田速效钾含量在４５ｐｐｍ条件下，给紫云英每公顷施用氯化钾１１２．５ｋｇ，结果施肥比对照每公顷增产鲜草５０００－７７５０ｋｇ，平均每公顷增产６７５０ｋｇ。每公斤钾肥可增产粮食２３．５     

辽西地区野兔危害情况调查

通过走访、问卷调查和样地调查,对辽西地区野兔危害情况进行了初步调查,并对调查数据进行了统计分析。结果表明：辽西地区野兔主要危害杏树,其次是刺槐、杨树和梨树等;野兔对不同林龄杏树危害差异显著。其中,对3林龄以下杏树危害严重,3林龄以上危害较轻;野兔对不同地区杏树危害程度差异显著,主要表现在对海拔较高降雨较少的地区危害程度较海拔低降雨相对多的地区高。     

糖原合成酶激酶3β对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响

本试验通过向纯化的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中添加不同浓度（0（对照组）、10、20、40 mmol/L）的糖原合成酶激酶3β（glycogen synthase kinase 3β,GSK3β）特异性蛋白抑制剂氯化锂（Licl）,作用细胞24 h,研究其对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响,并利用qRT-PCR和Western blotting分别检测不同浓度Licl对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中GSK3β、细胞周期蛋白D1（Cyclin D1） mRNA水平及GSK3β、磷酸化GSK3β （p-GSK3β）、Cyclin D1蛋白水平表达的影响。结果显示,Licl能促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的增殖活性,Licl抑制GSK3β后促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖的最佳浓度为20 mmol/L。与对照组相比,添加Licl后GSK3β蛋白表达受到抑制,p-GSK3β蛋白表达上调,同时提高了Cyclin D1蛋白表达。表明GSK3β对于奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖的能力是负调控因子,失活的GSK3β通过Cyclin D1途径促进细胞周期的进行。     

益生菌发酵饲料对猪的生长和肉质的影响

应用益生菌发酵饲料喂猪,能提高饲料中粗蛋白含量,明显降低猪粪臭味,促进生长、降低料肉比和提高猪肉品质。