短期禁牧对天山北坡蒿类荒漠群落特征及其稳定性的影响

本研究以天山北坡蒿类荒漠为研究对象,采用野外调查取样的方法,探讨不同区域荒漠围栏内外群落特征和物种多样性对禁牧的响应规律,分析禁牧对生态系统稳定性的影响。结果表明,1)禁牧能改变荒漠植被功能群结构,禁牧后不同生态经济类群群落盖度和生物量分别上升40.2%~57.0%和44.4%~81.0%;2)荒漠群落物种多样性指数对短期禁牧的响应较小,但从区域上看,玛纳斯荒漠放牧区Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数比博乐和奇台显著高16.7%~20.0%,而禁牧区Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数高了8.6%~17.7%;3)短期禁牧有利于荒漠群落稳定性的维持,且稳定性可能与禁牧年限和生态环境的变化均有一定的关系。因此,短期禁牧能显著提高荒漠草地生产力,有利于群落物种多样性和群落稳定性的维持。     

益生菌对宿主机体免疫调节作用研究进展

益生菌是一类对宿主机体健康有益的低致病性或无致病性微生物。大量研究表明,益生菌能够维持宿主肠道菌群平衡,作用于肠道黏膜免疫系统,引起体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,从而调节机体的免疫功能。就益生菌的免疫调节作用途径,及其对机体体液免疫和细胞免疫的影响进行了综述。     

Acaricidal activity of extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against the larvae of the rabbit mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in vitro

The acaricidal activity of the petroleum ether extract, the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae was tested in vitro. A complementary log-log (CLL) model was used to analyze the data of the toxicity tests. The results showed that at all test time points, the petroleum ether extract demonstrated the highest activity against the larvae of S. scabiei var. cuniculi, while the activities of the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract were similar. The activities of both the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract against the larvae showed the relation of time and concentration dependent. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of the petroleum ether extract (1.3muL/mL) was about three times that of the chloroform extract (4.1muL/mL) at 24h post-treatment. At the concentrations of 500.0muL/mL, the median lethal time (LT(50)) of the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract was 8.4 and 9.6h, respectively.     

土耳其养蜂业

养蜂是土耳其的传统产业。在安纳托利亚,养蜂有9000年的历史。世界上第一条养蜂的法律被称为赫梯小报(the Hittite Tabloids),它制定于4000年前的土耳其。在赫梯朝圣者的烧瓶中发现了装有黑种草的草籽,里面混合有蜂蜜、蜂蜡和蜂胶。     

蜂王浆生产新技术的研究--产浆王台中卵孵化率的研究

本文就蜂王产在特种巢脾台基中卵的孵化率和提高卵的孵化率等问题进行了研究,结果表明,(1)蜂王在特种巢脾在台基中产下的卵,无论是滞留在特种巢脾中还是分装到产浆框中,其孵化率都一样;(2)在奖励饲喂的情况下,无论是特种巢脾上台基中的卵还是产浆框上的,其孵化率均分别极显著高于无奖励饲喂的;(3)采用本探讨技术生产蜂王浆时应将具卵产浆王台滞留在特种巢脾内孵化,并应通过奖励饲喂提高卵的孵化率.     

返滴定法测定蜂胶中游离酸含量

建立测定蜂胶品中游离酸含量的方法.采用弱碱溶解蜂胶再酸化萃取的方法纯化样品,用返滴法测定,以水杨酸作为对照品检测样品中游离酸含量.结果测定了5个不同产地的蜂胶样品,游离酸含量在1.89～6.54%范围内,回收率为99.30%.本方法操作简单,重现性好,有助于蜂胶质量的鉴别.     

白头翁根不同提取物体外抑菌试验研究

白头翁为毛莨科多年生白头翁属植物白头翁Pulsatilla chinensis Bunge Regel 的根茎.始载于<神农本草经>,列为下品,是常用中药,具有清热解毒、凉血止痢、燥湿杀虫的功效.传统主要用于治疗细菌性痢疾、阿米巴痢疾等.现代研究认为白头翁除了抗菌和抗病原作用外,还具有提高机体免疫力、抑制巨噬细胞分泌IL-6、抗癌、抗炎、抗毒、止泻、镇静、镇痛、杀灭滴虫和球虫、抑制肠运动、抗内毒素血症等作用[1].     

食盐助溶剂对解脂假丝酵母神经酰胺含量的影响

用食盐作为助溶剂采用细胞自溶法,对解脂假丝酵母33M candida lipolytica细胞壁进行破碎后提取神经酰胺,用SPE（固相萃取法）将神经酰胺与膜中其它脂类分离,分别应用TLC（薄层色谱）方法和HPLC-ELSD（高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射器）对其进行定性和定量分析,取得了良好效果。     

实施肉食品安全工程的综合管理措施

随着市场的开放 ,经济的发展 ,我国畜禽生产持续高速增长 ,畜禽产品市场丰富 ,大大改善了人民的生活。在发展的同时 ,由于畜禽饲养量大增 ,导致饲料需求大幅增加 ,部分养殖户及饲料厂为了片面追求自身利益 ,在饲料中任意添加药物或使用违禁药物 ,从而造成严重的畜禽产品药物残留问题 ,给人民群众的身体健康造成极大的危害 ,肉食品安全的问题已经成为当今社会备受关注及具有较大影响的问题。为此 ,如何做好肉食品安全的管理工作 ,不仅涉及到广大人民的利益 ,也是我国畜牧业适应国际需求、参与市场竞争的必然选择。要真正做好这项工作 ,应抓好…     

Diversity of the ovine DQA2 gene

Variation in the ovine DQA2 gene was investigated in approximately 2,000 sheep from six breeds. Fragments of DNA containing the ovine DQA2 exon 2 were amplified using PCR. Single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and DNA sequence analysis were employed to detect genetic variation. Twenty-three nucleic acid sequences, encoding 22 DQA2 amino acid sequences, were identified. This increases the number of alleles identified from 10 to 23. In some cases, three or four unique sequences were isolated from individual sheep, suggesting that these DQA2 sequences may represent two loci. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that 5 of these 23 sequences were more closely related to cattle DQA3 or DQA4 sequences than to other sheep DQA2 sequences. These sequences clustered together and were called DQA2-like to differentiate them from other DQA2 sequences. There was no evidence of DQA5-like sequences in sheep. Information theory-based analysis indicated that some of the DQA2-like sequences had low information content at splice sites, suggesting that these alleles may have low functional activity. Allelic lineages were observed not only at the DQA2 locus, but also at the DQA2-like locus, supporting the trans-species mode of evolution of MHC genes. Comparison of the allelic sequences suggests that polymorphism seems to have arisen largely by point mutation and gene conversion, and a recent gene conversion event seems to have occurred between the DQA2 and DQA2-like loci. The high level of sequence polymorphism detected and varied number of loci demonstrate the extensive diversity of the ovine DQA2 gene.