乳源外泌体研究进展

外泌体(exosomes)是一种纳米级别的细胞外囊泡,广泛存在于多种动物的组织和体液中,在各种类型的细胞外囊泡中,外泌体作为一个载体可以携带多种具有生物活性的内含物,而这些内含物的分拣是一个受调控的、非随机的过程.近年来,有研究发现,哺乳动物的乳源外泌体通过消化道被吸收后,可以促进幼畜肠道和免疫系统的发育,同时还参与一...     

无选择标记的甜瓜a-ACO1基因植物表达载体的构建及对烟草的共转化效果

从植物表达载体pCB-aACO1的T-DNA区段上切去nptⅡ基因,构建了无选择标记植物表达载体pCD-aACO1,其T-DNA区段只含有目的基因a-ACO1和GUS基因.从另一植物表达载体pCAMBIA2301的T-DNA区段切去GUS基因,构建了植物表达载体pCAMBIA2302,其T-DNA区段其只含有nptⅡ基因.用这2种新载体共转化烟草,在对40株抗性转基因烟草的PCR检测中,有14株扩增出a-ACO1基因,共转化率为35%.     

“WaterMan”: an on-farm water management game with heuristic capabilities

A modern computer-based simulation tool (WaterMan) in the form of a game for on-farm water management was developed for application in training events for farmers, students, and irrigators. The WaterMan game utilizes an interactive framework, thereby allowing the user to develop scenarios and test alternatives in a convenient, risk-free environment. It includes a comprehensive soil water and salt balance calculation algorithm. It also employs heuristic capabilities for modeling all of the important aspects of on-farm water management, and to provide quantitative performance evaluations and practical water management advice to the trainees. Random events (both favorable and unfavorable) and different strategic decisions are included in the game for more realism and to provide an appropriate level of challenge according to player performance. Thus, the ability to anticipate the player skill level, and to reply with random events appropriate to the anticipated level, is provided by the heuristic capabilities used in the software. These heuristic features were developed based on a combination of two artificial intelligence approaches: (1) a pattern recognition approach and (2) reinforcement learning based on a Markov decision processes approach, specifically the Q-learning method. These two approaches were combined in a new way to account for the difference in the effect of actions taken by the player and action taken by the system in the game world. The reward function for the Q-learning method was modified to reflect the suggested classification of the WaterMan game as what is referred to as a partially competitive and partially cooperative game.     

闽东南天然降雨雨滴特征的研究

该文在实测滴谱资料的基础上建立了闽东南地区雨滴大小分布函数。F=1-exp[-(d/3.58I^0.28)^5.19I0.11]并导出了雨滴中数直径、动能与雨强的关系为D₅₀=3.34I^0.29和E=36.04I^0.29。笔者认为两型对雨滴特征是有影响的。     

Promoting sustainable intensification in precision agriculture: review of decision support systems development and strategies

Precision agriculture provides important issues toward a more sustainable agriculture. Many farmers have the necessary technology to operate site-specifically, but they do not use it in practice, and thus available information and communications technology (ICT) systems are not used to their full potential. This paper addresses how to reduce the so-called “problem of implementation”, based on the knowledge that participatory approaches during the design and development process is one of the most important factors to frame technology adoption. The development of sustainable ICT systems through theories and methodologies from the fields of human computer interaction and user-centered design (UCD) is presented and an ongoing Swedish project for development of an agricultural decision support system (AgriDSS) for nitrogen fertilization is used as an example to frame the issue. The overreaching aim is to develop AgriDSSs that are sustainable in design as well as through design by stressing the importance of participatory approaches for the successful development of AgriDSSs. The Swedish project has the intention to apply a UCD approach, and some pitfalls on starting to use this way of working is identified as well as some suggestions on how to reduce them through co-learning processes. Despite the challenges presented in this paper, ICT can contribute significantly to long-term sustainable development. Thus, several competences and scientific disciplines need to act in concert to help develop a sustainable development of agriculture via a transdisciplinary approach that can make an impact on society at many levels.     

高职教育专业建设中校企文化融合研究

通过对高职专业建设中融合校企文化的意义及实施途径的的分析,阐明校企文化融合对专业建设的重要性,提出专业建设各个要素中融合校企文化的实现方式。     

武汉远城区都市农业产业化初探

本文在分析武汉远城区都市农业发展机遇与挑战并存的背景后,提出武汉都市农业产业化势在必行,并结合武汉远城区农业发展实际,提出三项对策,包括整合科技资源,实现农业科技化;推行农机作业,实现农业机械化;探索良性机制,实现农业市场化。     

神经网络与暴雨泥石流灾害预报

建立了用于暴雨泥石流适时预报的人工神经网络模型，在荒溪分类和危险区划分基础上，结合北京山区暴雨泥石流例子，验证模型判别结果与实际情况相符，应用效果良好。     

Inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth by root-infecting fungi in soil of a rice paddy field

 Rice seedling growth, estimated by plant height and root development and discoloration, was better in pasteurized soil than in unpasteurized soil obtained from a flooded rice field. Rice seedlings also grew better in sterilized soil modified by adding roots harvested from the pasteurized soil than in soil modified by adding roots harvested from the unpasteurized soil. The results demonstrate that seedling growth in the rice field soil was inhibited by soil microorganisms, even though no typical symptoms such as seedling blight or damping-off appeared. Pythium aristosporum is suggested to be involved in the inhibition. Thus, it appears that inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth could occur in soils of rice paddy fields. Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002 Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Ichitani, former professor at Osaka Prefectural University, for providing an isolate of Pythium aristosporum for comparison, and Mr. Mitsuaki Sato of Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture for technical assistance.     

鳗鲡爱德华氏病病原菌及一新种

本文报道在我国浙江省发现的鳗鲡爱德华氏病病原菌特征。从患病鳗鲡内脏分离到9株菌,用其中的E895205等4株菌进行人工感染,死亡率均为100％,与自然发病症状相似。这些菌株的特征一致。均为G~-短杆菌,单个,周鞭毛,兼性厌氧,发酵葡萄糖产酸产气。氧化酶阴性,接触酶阳性,产H_(?)S。不能利用柠檬酸盐和丙二酸盐作为唯一碳源,鸟氨酸和赖氨酶脱羧酶阳性。属爱德华氏菌属细菌。比较已报道的四个种,认为E895205等菌株为一新种,定名为浙江爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella zhe jiangensis sp. nov.)。