农业气象条件对苦丁茶生长及产量形态的影响

采用平行观测法分析研究了苦丁茶的生长习性与农业气象条件的关系；通过相关关系模拟，建立了苦丁茶的叶片、株高、茎围生长量与农业气象条件间的数学模拟模型，得出了苦丁茶生长适宜的农业气象条件指标，研究发现苦丁茶叶片、茎转芳要受水分条件的影响，株高主要受热量条件的影响；月平均气温20.0℃以上，最低气温17℃以上，最高气温35℃以下，降水量100mm以上，雨日18d以上，空气相对湿度87％以上，土壤含水量15％－16％最适宜苦丁茶生长，最低气温小于10℃,苦丁茶嫩叶有轻微寒害现象；最高气温超过35℃，各和修生长普遍受到伤害。土壤含水量12％以下，苦丁茶出现旱害，叶片变黄，枝条干枯甚至死亡。     

2个荔枝品种花芽分化期碳氮营养的变化

比较分析妃子笑和鹅蛋荔（Litchi chinensis Sonn．cv．Feizixiao＆Edan）2个荔枝栽培品种花芽分化过程中不同方位、不同部位枝条顶芽和花穗中碳氮化合物（C／N）比的动态变化。结果表明：荔枝花芽分化期间不同方位、小同部位、不同品种荔枝花芽分化期问枝条顶芽中在C／N比差片均达极显著；妃子笑的C／N比在前5个阶段均高于鹅蛋荔，只在第6阶段（开花期）低于鹅蛋荔；C／N比反映枝条顶芽和花穗的营养积累情况，比值较高有利于荔枝花芽分化。     

海南省2007/2008年冬橡胶树寒害情况浅析

为了系统掌握此次低温寒害的特点和规律,弄清其对海南垦区天然橡胶生产的影响,比较品种、不同年龄橡胶树对持续低温的反应和适应情况,了解各种栽培技术措施的抗寒效果,积累中国橡胶树寒害资料并及时总结防寒抗灾的经验,为中国橡胶树抗寒栽培和选育种技术的日益完善提供科学依据.调查了海南省2007/2008年冬橡胶树寒害情况,从寒害的气候特点、生态类型区、品系(种)、树龄、地形、立地环境等方面对橡胶树寒害特征进行了分析,为海南的抗寒植胶、橡胶树新品种的应用积累了新的资料,并针对防寒抗灾提出建议.     

Division of ecological species groups and functional groups based on interspecific association — a case study of the tree layer in the tropical lowland rainforest of Jianfenling in Hainan Island, China

Twenty-three sample plots dominated by Vatica mangachapoi at various elevations in the tropical lowland rainforest in the Jianfengling National Nature Reserve of Hainan Island were established. The interspecific association among the 32 dominant species was analyzed and the division of ecological species groups and functional groups are discussed. The results showed that these dominant populations had an overall positive interspecific association. The species pairs with significant, positive association accounted for only about 10% of the total 496 species pairs. Most of the other species pairs showed weak association or non-association, i.e., the dominant populations investigated had relatively independent distributions. The 32 dominant species were divided into four ecological species groups and ten functional groups according to their interspecific association coefficients, based on a cluster analysis of the species. Recognition characteristics of the ten functional groups are proposed. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(4): 9–16 [译自: 林业科学]     

Effects of seed mass and emergence time on seedling performance in Castanopsis chinensis

Seed mass and emergence time may influence fitness of plants. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of seed mass and emergence time on the performance of seedlings of Castanopsis chinensis, a large evergreen tree species with limited tolerance of shade. The treatment consisted of three light regimes: 100%, 15% and 2% of full sunlight. Germination rate and germination time showed a significant correlation with seed mass. Germination rate differed among the three light regimes. Early-emerging large-seeded seedlings in 100% light produced the heaviest seedlings, while those resulting from smaller late-emerging seeds and grown under 2% light regime produced the lightest seedlings. Relative growth rate (RGR) decreased with seed mass in all three light regimes, and seedlings of C. chinensis have a higher RGR in high and intermediate light levels compared to low light. In contrast, the effect of emergence time on RGR was not significant. The growth of C. chinensis seedlings were significantly influenced by seed size, emergence time, and light conditions. For each month, the mean height of seedlings was significantly greatest for large-seeded seedlings and significantly lowest for small-seeded ones, irrespective of emergence time and light conditions. Regeneration success of C. chinensis appears to be regulated by the interactive effect of seed mass, emergence time and light regime.     

巴西橡胶树PR107生物量研究初探

利用橡胶树生物量估测数学模型,测算了海南儋州地区2～28龄巴西橡胶无性系PR107生物量的年度变化与累积量,结果表明：（1）住橡胶树生命周期内,茎围与生物量的增长量呈线性增加,并在开割前期出现高峰期,在开割后逐渐变缓慢,进入老龄时,生长速度更慢;橡胶树茎围生长受环境的影响较明显,与树龄、季节、月平均气温、月降雨量和月日照时数直线回归达极显著水平,其回归方程为：y=0．062380—0．013408x,＋0．008805x2＋0．015716x3＋0．000231x4＋0．000002379x5;（2）橡胶树各器官（叶、枝、干、皮、根）干物质积累量不仅与季节有关,还与树龄有关。随着一年中季节的变化,干物质积累量呈增长趋势;而随着树龄的增长,枝、干、皮干物质积累量呈增长趋势,而根和叶则呈下降趋势;（3）橡胶树生物量受环境因素和人为因素的影响。橡胶树生物量增量与树龄、季节、月平均气温、月降雨量和月日照时数直线回归达极显著水平,其回归方程为：Y=-1661．788621—307．824821x1＋209．482331x2＋327．130313x3＋7．737860x4—9．343308x5;（4）橡胶树生物量的分配格局因不同年龄和器官而异。树干生物量最大,其次是小枝,而其它器官生物量则因年龄大小而有所变化。但在橡胶树整个生命周期内,各器官生物量大小顺序为：树叶〉树干〉干胶〉树根〉树皮。     

猪精液冷冻保存试验效果初报

六种常温保存液对猪精液进行预处理后,再利用三种冷冻液进行冷冻保存试验,研究常温保存液和冷冻液对猪精液冷冻保存的影响及它们之间的配合效应,以冷冻-解冻后精子活力作为评定标准。结果表明:六种常温保存液对冻后精子的影响存在显著差异(P=0.003);三种冷冻保护液对冻后精子活力的影响无明显差异(P=0.585),但与常温保存液之间表现出明显的配合效应(P=0.0001),可能与常温保存液和冷冻液的成分及它们之间的相互关系有关。试验说明所选用的三种冷冻基础液对精子活力的影响不大,但与常温保存液配合后却能表现出很强的影响力;就单独分析两种因素对精子活力影响而言,常温保存液的预处理占主导地位。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖在板栗保鲜中的应用研究

2002年10月—2003年4月,在西北农林科技大学林学院进行了魔芋葡甘聚糖保鲜板栗试验,通过四种处理对比,结果为,0.3%的魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液和0.3%的魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液＋0.2%的丙酸钙两个处理分别比对照降低呼吸强度53.7%、54.1%,减少水分损耗34.1%、41.3%,处理后的板栗在0~2℃条件下贮藏6个月后无霉坏发生,保鲜效果较好。     

基于图像处理与人工神经网络的小麦颗粒外观品质评价方法

综合利用计算机视觉、图像处理、人工神经网络技术,实现小麦品质评价自动化。通过比较不同背景,发现在黑色毛面纸板背景下,使用数码像机获得容易处理的小麦图像。应用分水岭算法自主开发了图像分割处理软件,分割小麦图像并识别提取出完整的小麦颗粒,针对每个小麦颗粒,计算了其12个形态学特征、12个色泽参数等图像特征参数。利用所提取的24个小麦图像特征参数,采用人工神经网络BP算法建立起小麦粒径外观品质评价模型,并应用于小麦的品质识别,取得了良好的试验结果。多次建模运算证明,该方法具有较好的稳定性,对小麦粒径外观品质评价的平均识别准确率可达93%。     

监测口蹄疫抗体的液相阻断ELISA法的改进和体会

液相阻断ELISA（LBE）法由于具有高度的敏感性、特异性和重复性,目前被广泛应用于动物免疫抗体效果监测实践工作中,特别是为防控牛、羊亚洲I型口蹄疫（FMD）做出了积极的贡献。但该方法操作繁琐,稍有不慎就会导致实验结果发生偏差或试验失败,笔者就该方法应用于亚I型口蹄疫抗体检测中的改进和体会作一总结。