再生水滴灌对滴头堵塞的影响

研究以再生水（二级处理出水）为灌溉水源时,3种滴头（单翼迷宫式滴头、内镶式滴头和压力补偿孔口式滴头）的流量、灌水均匀度和堵塞的变化过程及规律,并和自来水灌溉条件下的结果进行对比,分析了滴头堵塞的主要原因。研究结果显示：再生水灌溉条件下3种滴头的流量和灌水均匀度都要明显小于自来水条件下的结果,其中单翼迷宫式滴头的流量和灌水均匀度下降最大,而压力补偿孔口式滴头的变化最小。水质和滴头内沉淀物质的分析显示,化学沉淀（主要成分为CaCO3和MgCO3）是引起滴头堵塞的主要方式,滴头流量小、流道尺寸小和流态指数偏高也增加了滴头堵塞的风险。建议实际中利用再生水灌溉的滴灌系统,可选用压力补偿孔口式滴头。     

三疣梭子蟹不同包装方式保鲜效果的比较

三疣梭子蟹属宁波名特优水产养殖品种,但三疣梭子蟹在保藏加工中容易发生褐变,哪种包装方式可抑制梭子蟹褐变并有效延长产品保鲜期,是一个值得探讨的问题。该文对三疣梭子蟹真空包装、气调包装和涂膜包装的保鲜效果进行比较。结果表明：气调包装气体配比为CO2 50%,N2 50%的保鲜效果较好;但真空包装与气调包装和涂膜包装的保鲜效果相比,0～4℃下,真空包装可有效抑制梭子蟹腮部和足部褐变并延长三疣梭子蟹保鲜期,保鲜效果好于气调包装和涂膜包装。     

Gluten Enhances Cooking,Textural, and Sensory Properties of Oat Noodles

Whole grain oats are widely regarded as conferring significant health benefits. Composite flour of whole grain oat flour, wheat flour, and tapioca starch in the ratio 1:1:0.16 was formulated to make oat noodles with the addition of gluten at various levels. The influence of gluten on pasting and gelling properties of composite flour, and on cooking, textural, and sensory properties of salted oat noodles was evaluated. Addition of gluten decreased the paste viscosity, reduced hardness and springiness of gel, reduced cooking yield, cooking loss, and broken ratio during cooking, and increased the tensile strength and firmness of cooked noodles. Scanning electron microscopy showed that gluten tightened the network of protein in the noodles by forming oriented fibrils. Addition of gluten had little effect on the color of raw and cooked oat noodles, which were somewhat yellow. Sensory evaluation indicated that addition of gluten could enhance the overall acceptability of cooked oat noodles. This study may stimulate further interest in using functional whole grain cereal ingredients in developing healthy staple foods.     

Influence of iron plaque on accumulation of lead by yellow flag (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Iris pseudacorus</Emphasis> L.) grown in artificial Pb-contaminated soil

Purpose  

The relationship between plant absorption and accumulation of heavy metals and the effect of iron plaque on roots of wetland plants are unknown, especially for plants grown in heavy metal-contaminated soil. This experiment was designed to study the effects of iron addition on the formation of iron plaque in the rhizosphere of the wetland plant species Iris pseudacorus L. in artificial Pb-contaminated soil and the effects of iron plaque on Pb accumulation by plants.     

中药“增免散”对免疫抑制鸡免疫功能的影响

将300只1日龄雏鸡随机分成正常对照组、中药“增免散”组、环磷酰胺组、环磷酰胺组 左旋咪唑组、环磷酰胺 “增免散”组,6日龄用鸡新城疫LaSota疫苗免疫点眼滴鼻,14、21、28、35日龄测定鸡血液ND抗体效价、免疫器官指数、细胞免疫功能、红细胞免疫粘附功能等,探索中药“增免散”的免疫增强机理。结果表明:中药“增免散”不但能显著提高Lasota活苗接种雏鸡的特异性HI抗体水平,延长其持续时间,能促进雏鸡免疫器官的生长发育,能显著增高雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率,并对雏鸡红细胞免疫粘附功能具有显著促进作用,而且对环磷酰胺的免疫抑制有部分拮抗作用。     

Effects of water temperatures and dietary protein levels on growth,body composition and blood biochemistry of juvenile GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of water temperature (WT) and dietary protein levels on growth, body composition and blood biochemistry of GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; initial average body weight: 38.75 ± 0.61g, n = 20). The fish were fed with six diets contained graded levels of protein (209.6, 251.0, 302.4, 354.3, 401.9 and 456.8 g/kg) and raised in each of WT (22°C, 28°C and 34°C) for 8 weeks. Results showed that the growth, feed utilization and protein efficiency were significantly increased with the increase of dietary protein level and followed by the latter platform at each WT. The fish raised at 28 and 34°C showed similar growth performance, and their values were significantly higher than the fish raised at 22°C (p < 0.05). The lipid contents in whole body were decreases with the increase of dietary protein level at each WT. However, the whole‐body protein, ash and moisture contents were not affected by dietary protein level or WT (p > 0.05). The values of serum biochemical indices (ALP, ALT, AST and TCHO) were all decreased with the increase of dietary protein. The optimal dietary protein requirement for GIFT tilapia to achieve maximal growth performance is 374.4, 301.7 and 304.9 g protein/kg diet at 22, 28 and 34°C, respectively.     

中国小麦历史品种puroindoline基因等位变异检测

小麦籽粒硬度是市场分级和定价的重要依据,由位于5D染色体短臂的一对主效基因和多个微效基因控制。为了解我国早期小麦品种的硬度分布规律,本试验以来自全国10个省市的126份历史品种和高代品系为材料,对其SKCS硬度和基因型进行了研究。结果表明,我国历史品种中软质麦所占比例较高,为42.9%,显著高于先前报道的我国当前主栽冬麦品种中的软质麦比例;硬质麦所占比例为44.4%,显著低于先前报道的我国主栽冬麦品种中的硬质麦比例。各种puroindoline变异类型中, PinaD1b类型和 PinbD1b类型所占比例较大,分别为42.9%和39.3%,其余硬质类型均为 PinbD1p类型,为17.8%。截至目前,所发现的 PinbD1p类型均在中国品种中,由于早期中国与其他国家种质资源交换较少,因此,中国可能是 PinbD1p类型的起源地。在对各种puroindoline类型的硬度比较后,发现除各种puroindoline变异类型与野生型硬度差异达显著水平外, PinaD1b类型硬度值也显著高于 PinbD1b和 PinbD1p类型,而后二者之间硬度没有显著差异。`     

警惕麦瘟病全球扩散

麦瘟病是南美出现的一种新的小麦病害,流行区域包括巴西、阿根廷、玻利维亚和巴拉圭等热带和亚热带地区,可造成5%~100%的产量损失。气候是影响病害发生流行的主要因素,高温潮湿可导致麦瘟病大流行。麦瘟病的病原菌为Magnaporthe grisea,具有寄主专化性,来自不同寄主的M.grisea菌系对小麦的致病性有显著差异,同时在小麦品种和M.grisea菌系间存在明显的生理专化性。已报道的小麦抗麦瘟病基因有5个,分别是Rmg1、Rmg2、Rmg3、Rmg4和Rmg5。由于生产上尚无控制此病害的有效方法,故应加强研究,以阻止麦瘟病在全球的扩散和蔓延。     

广西荔枝精细化农业气候区划与应用研究

摘要：本文在研究广西荔枝生产现状和生态适宜性基础上,密切结合广西荔枝生产实际,筛选出广西荔枝精细化农业气候区划指标,运用广西90个气象站点1971-2000年的气候资料和台站地理信息,1：25 万地形数据, 建立了区划指标的空间分析模,按1 km ×1 km细网格对区划指标进行了小网格推算,采用GIS技术和打分法,在精细化农业气候区划系统平台上,将广西荔枝进行了精细化农业气候区划,分为最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区四大区域,在此基础上,对照广西荔枝生产现状,进行了农业生产上科学布局与生产结构调整的对策措施研究,旨在为农业生产提供科学依据。