大型抽水蓄能电站地下厂房环境测试方案

为了评估大型抽水蓄能电站地下厂房温湿度控制的效果,提高运行环境的舒适性及其对机电设备安全性的设计水平,分析了宜兴抽水蓄能电站地下主厂房、母线洞、主变洞、排风道的结构特点,结合地下厂房及主要洞室的通风、内部空气循环以及各自不同的温湿度性能参数分析要求,选用合适的温度、湿度、噪声环境参数测量仪表,分别设计了厂房和不同洞室的通风除湿性能测试方案.经过初步的测试及分析可以得到,选用的测试仪表具有价格适中、精度高和使用方便的特点;制定的测试系统和方案可以全面而系统地测试地下厂房温湿度控制效果.选用的仪器仪表和测试方案结合了厂房和通风空调系统的特点与要求,可以为同类电站通风空调系统测试和性能分析提供参考.     

玉米蛋白粉混合物对血鹦鹉鱼生化机能的影响

(28±1)℃水温下,将体质量(8.75±0.88)g血鹦鹉鱼饲养在300cm×150cm×80cm的水泥池中,投喂含不同水平玉米蛋白、磷脂和维生素E混合物的饲料30d,观察血鹦鹉鱼的生长、体色、抗氧化指标和肝功能。饲料中玉米蛋白粉按1‰(A1)、3‰(A2)、5‰(A3)的比例分别与磷脂1‰(a1)、3‰(a2),维生素E 1‰(b1)、3‰(b2)混合。试验结果表明,A_1a_1组中血鹦鹉鱼体色亮度显著高于对照组(P0.05),A_2a_2组和A_3b_1组中血鹦鹉鱼黄度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。除A_1a_1组外,对照组肝脏中的类胡萝卜素含量显著低于其他组(P0.05)。A1b1组血鹦鹉鱼肌肉组织中类胡萝卜素的含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。A3b1组的相对质量增加率显著高于其他组(P0.05)。A_3b_1组血鹦鹉鱼特定生长率最高,显著高于除A_3a_1、A_3a_2、A_3b_2组外的其他各组(P0.05);A_2b_1和A_2b_2组血鹦鹉鱼肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶比活力显著高于其他组(P0.05);A2b2组肝胰脏过氧化氢酶比活力显著高于其他组(P0.05)。A_1a_2、A_2b_1、A_3a_1组血鹦鹉鱼肝胰脏丙二醛含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。A_3a_1组血鹦鹉鱼谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综合考虑,含3‰~5‰的玉米蛋白粉和1‰~3‰维生素E饲料可促进血鹦鹉鱼生长、调节体色、增强抗氧化和肝功能。     

Effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and carboxylesterase activity in Bemisia tabaci biotype B and greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), have become serious pests of cotton and vegetable crops in China since the early 1990s. In recent years, however, B. tabaci have broken out more frequently and widely than have T. vaporariorum. The B. tabaci biotype B has also developed higher resistance to several insecticides. Here, the effects of four different host plants on the insecticide susceptibility of B. tabaci biotype B and T. vaporariorum have been compared. The LC(50) values of imidacloprid, abamectin, deltamethrin and omethoate in T. vaporariorum reared on cucumber were significantly higher than those in B. tabaci (the LC(50) values in T. vaporariorum were respectively 3.13, 2.63, 2.78 and 6.67 times higher than those in B. tabaci). On the other hand, the B. tabaci population reared on cotton was more tolerant to all four insecticides tested than the T. vaporariorum population from the same host, especially to abamectin (up to 8.4-fold). The effects of the four host plants on the activity of carboxylesterase (CarE) in B. tabaci biotype B and T. vaporariorum were also compared. The results showed that, although the CarE activity of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum varied depending on the host plants, the B. tabaci population possessed significantly higher CarE activity than the T. vaporariorum population reared on the same host plant. This was especially so on cucumber and cotton, where the CarE activities of the B. tabaci population were over 1.6 times higher than those of T. varporariorum. The frequency profiles for this activity in B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum populations reared on same host plant were apparently different.     

The discovery of HNPC‐A3066: a novel strobilurin acaricide

BACKGROUND: Although more than ten strobilurin analogues have been commercialized since 1996 as fungicides, only one was available as an acaricide as of 2003. To search for novel strobilurin analogues with unique biological activities, a synthetic screening programme was carried out. RESULTS: Syntheses of compounds analogous to the commercialized fungicide metominostrobin and the acaricide fluacrypyrim led to the discovery of a lead compound, (E)‐2‐{2‐[[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl}‐2‐(methoxyimino)‐N‐methylacetamide (3b), that showed moderate acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Koch. Compound 3b has a 3,5‐(CF₃)₂‐phenoxymethyl group instead of the unsubstituted phenoxy substituent in metominostrobin. Optimization of compound 3b was achieved by introducing an oxime ether bridge along with an alkylthio(alkyl) branch in place of the oxymethylene chain between two aromatic moieties, as well as by replacing the methoxyiminoacetamide group with a methoxyacrylate structure, leading to (E)‐ methyl 2‐{2‐[[[(Z)[1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐2‐methylthioethylidene]amino]oxy] methyl]phenyl}‐3‐methoxyacrylate (6c) and (E)‐ methyl 2‐{2‐[[[(Z)[1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐1‐methylthiomethylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]phenyl}‐3‐methoxyacrylate (9a, HNPC‐A3066). CONCLUSION: The above two compounds (6c, 9a) were shown to exhibit potent acaricidal and fungicidal activity. Compound 9a (HNPC‐A3066) also exhibits larvicidal and ovicidal activities against various acarids. The acaricidal potency is comparable with those of commercial acaricides such as fluacrypyrim, tebufenpyrad and chlorfenapyr. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

定量分解气候变化与人类活动对季节径流变异的贡献率

变化环境下径流序列可能发生变异。当前径流变异的贡献率分解研究多集中于年尺度,而对季节尺度的关注不足。以黄土高原典型流域——泾河流域为研究对象,应用小波分析方法揭示其季尺度径流序列的演变规律,采用有序聚类法和累积距平法对其径流序列进行变异诊断,最后采用累计斜率变化率比较法定量分解气候变化和人类活动对其四季径流变异的贡献率。结果表明:(1)泾河流域夏季和冬季径流的周期变化均在20世纪90年代左右有发生转变,均由小尺度周期变化转变为较大尺度周期变化;(2)春、夏、秋和冬季径流分别在1969年、1996年、1985年和1990年发生变异;(3)人类活动对春、夏、秋和冬季径流变异的贡献率分别为50.40%,89.69%,39.14%和84.59%,在夏季和冬季人类活动(主要是水土保持措施的不断深入)对泾河径流变异的贡献占主导地位,且干扰影响了径流的周期变化。     

豇豆新品种之豇618的选育

之豇618是以从四川引进的麻子豇豆为母本,以从辽宁引进的ZH优选株系为父本进行杂交,采用系统选育结合分子标记辅助抗枯萎病鉴定育成的中熟豇豆新品种。植株蔓生,花紫色,主侧蔓均可结荚,平均单株结荚14.4条;商品荚油绿色,条荚顺直,喙绿色,鼠尾少,平均荚长63.7 cm,单荚质量26.6 g,豆荚肉厚,粗纤维含量低,口感糯、微甜,可溶性糖含量为24.0 mg · g~(-1);对日照长短不敏感,中抗枯萎病和病毒病,早期产量与之豇106相当,总产量2 000 kg · (667 m~2)~(-1)左右,适宜在全国各地(除高寒地区外)种植。     

8个格木天然林种源苗期生长差异与早期选择

为研究格木不同天然种源家系苗的生长差异,选出相对速生的优良种源,本研究对8个格木天然林种源、110个家系1年生的苗高和地径等生长量指标进行测量,结合各家系的种子表型性状进行方差分析、多重比较、相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明:不同种源的格木苗期生长量差异显著,具备种源选择的基础;不同种源的苗期生长量差异主要来源于种源内,具备从优良种源内选择优良家系的基础;苗期生长量与种子大小、种子厚和千粒重等性状呈极显著正相关关系,大粒、饱满种子可作为优良种源和家系选择的初选参考指标。初步选出浦北、北流种源作为格木优良种源。本研究为格木速生种源及家系的早期选择提供依据。     

QTL Mapping of Chlorophyll Content in Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense Backcross Inbred Lines

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to chlorophyll content based on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) readings in cotton. [Method] The 195 BILs (Backcross Inbred Lines) were produced by a cross between Gossypium barbadense Hai 7124 and G. hirsutum CRI 36, using CRI 36 as the recurrent parent for backcrossing with F1 to produce BC1F1, followed by seven generations of selfing. The genetic linkage map was constructed in a previous study. QTLs of chlorophyll SPAD value in the first flowering and boll development stages were identified with inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method of the BIP and MET models in IciMapping 4.1 software, respectively. [Result] In total, nine chlorophyll SPAD reading QTLs were identified on 6 chromosomes. The q-SPAD-A11-1 detected at the first flowering stage overlapped with q-SPAD-A11-2 detected at the boll development stage, contributing 5.08% and 5.75% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The q-SPAD-D08-2 physical position ranged from 48.71 to 53.65 Mb on chromosome D08, which overlapped with a chlorophyll content QTL detected in a previous study. [Conclusion] The novel stable QTLs, q-SPAD-A11-1 and q-SPAD-A11-2 detected in this study provide an important piece of information for fine mapping chlorophyll content in cotton.     

基于组学的作物杂种优势研究进展

杂种优势,又称杂种活力,是指来源于物种内不同品种或者不同物种间杂交后代在生物产量、生长势以及育性等方面均优于亲本的现象。目前对于杂种优势形成的遗传机制一直停留在假说层面。分子标记技术的飞速发展为杂种优势的遗传机制研究提供了新的途径,在不同作物中,已证实显性、超显性和上位性效应对杂种优势的形成均有贡献。随着基因组、转录组、蛋白组等多组学技术及表观遗传学技术的兴起,为在全基因组水平研究杂种优势提供了机会,更有利于从不同角度对杂种优势形成的遗传基础进行全面解析。本研究从杂种优势位点定位,杂交种相对于亲本的转录组水平,蛋白质水平及表观调控改变等方面进行了概述,为全面深入理解杂种优势及更好地研究、利用杂种优势提供帮助。