小反刍兽疫病毒H蛋白原核表达的研究

小反刍兽疫病毒属副粘病毒科麻疹病毒属,为一不分节段的负链RNA病毒。本研究以灭活的检测用抗原为材料,抽提基因组RNA作为模板,根据GenBank下栽的序列及载体的需要设计其主要的抗原基因H基因的编码序列的RT—PCIL扩增引物;然后将扩增基因片段与T载体连接克隆测序,再与原核表达载体pET100／D—TOPO连接、诱导表达。结果显示所设计引物对模极有预期扩增,序列测定表明为正确片段;片段经纯化与表达载体连接,已挑到阳性克隆。H基因的表达菌经IPTG诱导,SDS—PAGE电泳。结果显示：H基因有预期分子量大小的蛋白表达;用Anti—His抗体已检测到相应融合蛋白的表达,其原核表达的相应蛋白抗原性状况正在试验研究中,表达产物具有潜在的诊断抗原和免疫原价值。     

入世后我国甜樱桃面临的机遇与挑战及发展对策

甜樱桃作为一种早熟、优质、保健果品,而且种植效益较高,在国内国际都正处于发展时期。根据世界甜樱桃生产和贸易情况,指出了我国在甜樱桃科学技术与生产上与世界先进甜樱桃生产国的差距,分析了我国加入WTO之后,我国甜樱桃面临的机遇和挑战,并且机遇大于挑战。如果有适当的科技投入,我国甜樱桃产业将可克服现在科技滞后的状态,发挥我国劳动力低廉和国土辽阔的优势,迅速扩大其生产总量,提高品质,扩大出口,增加农民的收入,2015年可望形成32.4～43.2亿元的社会总产值。     

A Novel Alginate Lyase: Identification,Characterization, and Potential Application in Alginate Trisaccharide Preparation

Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have many biological activities and significant applications in prebiotics, nutritional supplements, and plant growth development. Alginate lyases have unique advantages in the preparation of AOS. However, only a limited number of alginate lyases have been so far reported to have potentials in the preparation of AOS with specific degrees of polymerization. Here, an alginate-degrading strain Pseudoalteromonas arctica M9 was isolated from Sargassum, and five alginate lyases were predicted in its genome. These putative alginate lyases were expressed and their degradation products towards sodium alginate were analyzed. Among them, AlyM2 mainly generated trisaccharides, which accounted for 79.9% in the products. AlyM2 is a PL6 lyase with low sequence identity (≤28.3%) to the characterized alginate lyases and may adopt a distinct catalytic mechanism from the other PL6 alginate lyases based on sequence alignment. AlyM2 is a bifunctional endotype lyase, exhibiting the highest activity at 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 0.5 M NaCl. AlyM2 predominantly produces trisaccharides from homopolymeric M block (PM), homopolymeric G block (PG), or sodium alginate, with a trisaccharide production of 588.4 mg/g from sodium alginate, indicating its promising potential in preparing trisaccharides from these polysaccharides.     

几种中微量元素肥料对烤烟产量及品质的影响

2011年,在吉林省大安市、洮南市和镇赉县分别进行了大田烤烟,锰、硼、钼、锌和镁肥的施肥量和施用方法的试验研究。试验结果表明:在锰、硼、钼、锌和镁等中微量元素有效含量缺乏的烟田中,增施适量的中微肥,能够促进烤烟的营养均衡并在此基础上促进其生长;能够提高土壤和叶片中相应的中微量元素含量;烤烟的经济效益也随之得到提高。从试验长势看,所有试验中微肥都比对照好,喷施比基施表现要好,基施中硼、钼、锌、镁表现比较好,喷施中硼、钼、镁、钾+钼、钾+锌表现最好;从烘烤质量上看,不论基施的还是喷施的钼都表现得最好。     

小菜蛾抗性稳定性及抗性治理对策研究

试验表明，福州地区田间小菜蛾已对有机磷、氨基甲酸酯及拟除虫菊酯产 生高抗性。脱离选择压力3代后，小菜蛾的抗性水平迅速下降。Bt预处理可提高抗性和敏感小菜蛾幼虫 对有机磷的敏感性，尤其对抗性小菜蛾增效极显著，对敏感小菜蛾AChE的 Ki值则影响不 大。据此提出在抗性治理中，应轮用或换用不同毒理机制的杀虫剂，且其间隔至少为2～3代。     

70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂(艾美乐)防治小麦穗蚜药效试验

试验结果表明,70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂（艾美乐）在4～5g/667m^2的剂量下,对小麦穗蚜的防治效果优良,药后1～21d的防效均在91%以上,兼有持效性较长、对小麦安全、对环境友好及使用方便等优点,是防治小麦穗蚜的较好药剂.     

Assessment of genetic purity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) hybrid using molecular markers

Three DNA molecular marker systems, RAPD, ISSR and SSR, were used to test seed genetic purity of two commercial hybrid tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars ‘Hezuo 903’ and ‘Sufen No. 8’. Genomic DNA from the two F₁ hybrid cultivars and their corresponding parental lines was screened with 218 RAPD decamer primers, 54 ISSR primers and 49 SSR primers. Among the 321 primers, 4 primers for ‘Hezuo 903’ and 3 for ‘Sufen No. 8’, which could produce both female and male parent-specific markers, were selected for testing the genetic purity. A total of 210 hybrid individuals of each cultivar were analyzed using the identified primers. The combined results of the marker analysis showed that eight of the 210 F₁ plants in ‘Hezuo 903’ and 13 of 210 in ‘Sufen No. 8’ were false hybrids, and the overall genetic purity of the two F₁ hybrid seed lots was 96.2 and 93.8%, respectively. This study showed that RAPD and SSR markers could provide a practical and efficient tool in quality control of the tomato commercial hybrid seeds.     

高海拔冻土层地区不同土壤温度对花叶海棠光合特性的影响

为促进花叶海棠在高海拔冻土层地区的生长,通过使用自控温电热带土壤增温措施对土壤进行增温试验,分别设置2.0 (S₁)、3.0 (S₂)、4.0 (S₃)、5.0 (S₄) ℃ 4种增温梯度和1个CK对照组,测量不同梯度下花叶海棠的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞间CO₂浓度。结果表明：在4种处理中,S₄的花叶海棠叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO₂浓度最大,与对照相比,其增长率分别为13.88%、58.55%、18.42%;S₃的花叶海棠叶片气孔导度最大,增长率为8.68%。土壤温度与花叶海棠叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度呈极显著相关,与蒸腾速率呈显著相关。与对照组相比S₄与S₃能明显提高净光合速率、蒸腾速率,与对照组相比S₄、S₃、S₂能明显地提高气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度。综合各项指标分析,在试验范围内土壤温度增加4.0~5.0 ℃最适宜花叶海棠的生长。     

气候变化条件下木瓜秀粉蚧在中国的潜在适生区预测

为明确木瓜秀粉蚧Paracoccus marginatus Williams et Granara de Willink 1922在中国的潜在适生区,基于中国820个气象站点的气象数据和未来气候变化数据,结合木瓜秀粉蚧的生物学特性,利用CLIMEX模型对该虫在中国当前气候以及未来气候条件下的潜在适生区进行预测。结果显示,木瓜秀粉蚧在中国的潜在适生区主要在南方,适生区面积占全国陆地总面积的9.07%。高适生区主要包括海南省、广东省南部、广西壮族自治区南部以及福建省和云南省小部分地区。在未来气候条件下,2050年木瓜秀粉蚧的潜在适生区将进一步扩大,适生区面积所占比例将增加至15.46%,且有向北移动的趋势。表明木瓜秀粉蚧对中国南方地区的农业潜在威胁巨大,建议将该虫增补为检疫对象,并加强检疫监管和种群动态监测。