农用车辆悬架系统的动态特性和减振器的性能试验

研究了车辆悬架系统的动态特性和减振器阻尼对其特性的影响。重点分析了农用运输车用气柱式减振器中气柱力的影响,得出了气柱弹簧刚度在减振器压缩和拉伸行程中的变化规律。指出如何利用上述规律和有关的性能试验获得阻尼系数或直接采用模拟实际工况的激振试验得出相应悬架系统的动态性能。     

车用柴油机曲轴系统动力学仿真

将有限元法(FEM)和多体系统仿真(MSS)方法相结合,对车用柴油机曲轴系统进行多体动力学分析。并以一直列6缸4冲程柴油机为例,建立曲轴系统仿真模型。通过柔性多体动力学仿真计算,得出各主轴承在一个工作循环内的载荷变化情况,分析了曲轴在安装和运行状态下的扭转振动,将计算与实测扭振进行了比较。     

马铃薯脱毒快繁中的培养基元素组成及成本

马铃薯脱毒快繁技术繁殖倍数高,周期短,短时间内就可获得大批量马铃薯试管苗,但是脱毒快繁的成本比较高。如果在快繁的同时,保证质量的前提下,能节约成本,那对于马铃薯试管苗的工厂化生产是很有利的,也能大幅度提高其经济效益。     

秸秆覆盖对岩溶区坡耕地产流产沙的影响

通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究秸秆覆盖对西南岩溶区坡耕地产流产沙的影响。试验处理按照2个雨强(63,100mm/h)和5个秸秆覆盖度水平(0,20%,50%,80%和100%)进行。结果表明:在中雨强(63mm/h)条件下,秸秆覆盖减少了地表径流的径流系数和径流强度,增加了壤中流径流系数和径流强度,在较大秸秆覆盖度下(50%,80%和100%),秸秆覆盖能有效减少土壤流失量;但在大雨强(100mm/h)条件下,秸秆覆盖导致地表径流增加并同时显著减少了壤中流,地表径流的增加同时导致土壤流失量的增加。     

Genetic Structure of Rhynchosporium secalis in Australia

ABSTRACT Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used to determine the genetic structure of Australian field populations of the barley scald pathogen Rhynchosporium secalis. Fungal isolates were collected by hierarchical sampling from five naturally infected barley fields in different geographic locations during a single growing season. Genetic variation was high in Australian R. secalis populations. Among the 265 fungal isolates analyzed, 214 distinct genotypes were identified. Average genotype diversity within a field population was 65% of its theoretical maximum. Nei's average gene diversity across seven RFLP loci was 0.54. The majority (76%) of gene diversity was distributed within sampling site areas measuring 1 m(2); 19% of gene diversity was distributed among sampling sites within fields; and 5% of gene diversity was distributed among fields. Fungal populations from different locations differed significantly both in allele frequencies and genotype diversities. The degree of genetic differentiation was significantly correlated with geographic distance between populations. Our results suggest that the R. secalis population in Western Australia has a different genetic structure than populations in Victoria and South Australia.     

含水量和装载量对松木片吸附溴甲烷的影响

在18℃、RH为60%～70%室内恒温条件下,对不同含水率和不同装载量的松木片的熏蒸结果表明:松木片含水量对溴甲烷熏蒸处理效果影响明显。在18℃、8g/m3处理24h,松材线虫死亡率(y)与碎木片含水量(x)之间关系式为:y=129.654-1.062x(R=0.967);碎木片对溴甲烷的吸附随水分含量升高而增加,58%、55%、49%含水率的碎木片对溴甲烷的吸附与含水率为30%、37%碎木片的吸附差异显著。载量对溴甲烷熏蒸处理松木片中松材线虫影响显著,松材线虫死亡率(y)与松木片载量(x)之间关系式为:y=105.809-0.247x(R=0.973);随实验碎木片载量的增加,对溴甲烷的吸附量也加大。     

杀菌剂抗性监测研究进展

使用现代选择性杀菌剂防治植物病害是保证农作物高产、稳产的重要措施之一,但是现代杀菌剂很容易出现抗性而导致化学防治失败．使农业生产蒙受巨大损失。本文从杀菌剂的抗性检测和治理技术等方面概述杀菌剂的抗性研究进展。     

Interactive effects of family and stocking density on survival and growth of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

To investigate the effects of family, stocking density, and their interaction on mortality, growth rate, and size dispersal in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, 1,440 juveniles from six full‐sib families were exposed to three stocking densities, that is, low stocking density (LD), middle stocking density (MD), and high stocking density (HD), and reared for 10 months in sea‐based suspended cages. The results demonstrated significant family effects on cumulative mortality rate (CMR); specific growth rate for test diameter (SGR for TD); specific growth rate for body weight (SGR for BW); coefficient of variation for body weight at the 10th month (CV for BW₁₀); and significant stocking density effects on SGR for TD, SGR for BW, and CV for BW₁₀. Statistically significant family by stocking density interaction was only found in SGR for TD. A certain degree of family‐ranking inversions occurred in SGR for TD. The present study provides evidence for the existence of family by stocking density interaction on the growth rate of test diameter in the family selection for S. intermedius. More attention should be paid to this interaction effect to select correct parents in S. intermedius.