Study on the wicking property of polyester filament yarns

In this paper, the capillary rise method was applied to evaluate the wicking property of polyester filament yarns. Effects of twist, monofil cross sectional shape and texturing on the wicking height were discussed in details. The results indicated that with the increase of twist level, the wicking height ascends until reaching the maximum height, and then descends. It is also observed that under the same twist level, the wicking height of the five-leaf low-stretch yarn is the largest among all those three kinds of yarns, and then is that of the conventional low-stretch yarn. The wicking height of the parallel-drawn yarn is the smallest.     

2种不育剂和1种抗凝血剂对藏北草原高原鼠兔的控制效果

2012年4月至2013年4月在藏北草原进行了炔雌醚、莪术醇和增效敌鼠钠盐控鼠试验。均配制成青稞药饵,投放药饵后第20、75和350天进行控效调查。结果显示:炔雌醚具杀灭高原鼠兔作用,20d校正灭效达72.24%,对成年雌雄鼠繁殖器官均能起到明显损坏作用,且适口性最好;增效敌鼠钠盐控鼠效果最好,20d校正灭效达94.46%;莪术醇也有一定效果,75d幼体比最低,总体看,3种药物均具有一定控制效果,有一定实际应用潜力,但还需进一步试验验证其控鼠效果。     

Development of elite rice restorer lines in the genetic background of R022 possessing tolerance to brown planthopper, stem borer, leaf folder and herbicide through marker-assisted breeding

Rice leaf folder, stem borer and brown planthopper (BPH) are the most devastating rice insect pests. Developing and planting insect-resistant rice varieties is the most economical and effective measure for controlling these pests. BPH can be controlled with native BPH-resistance genes in rice, while at present rice leaf folder and stem borer can only be controlled through planting transgenic Bt rice. In this study, the breeding of a new restorer line KR022 possessing stacked BPH-resistance genes Bph14 and Bph15, Bt gene cry1C and glufosinate-resistance gene bar, is reported for the first time. A rice restorer line R022 with BPH-resistance genes Bph14 and Bph15 was used as a recurrent parent to cross with the transgenic rice T1C-19 of cry1C and bar genes during the breeding process. The restorer line KR022 was developed from the backcross populations of R022 and T1C-19 through molecular marker-assisted selection and glufosinate-resistance selection. The cry1C and bar genes were found to integrate on chromosome 11 of KR022, and the genome recovery of KR022 was up to 95.8 % of the R022 genome. The quantification of Cry1C protein expression showed that it was expressed at different levels in the leaf, stem, panicle, endosperm, and root of KR022 and its hybrid rice. The insect-resistance evaluation indicated that KR022 and its hybrid rice had good resistance to rice leaf folder and stem borer, both in laboratory settings and in the field. Furthermore, they exhibited increased resistance to BPH at both the seedling and mature stage. The field trial showed there was no significant difference in key agronomic traits between KR022 and its recurrent parent R022, and four hybrids from KR022 yield much higher than the control II-You 838. Moreover, KR022 and its hybrid rice were found to have resistance to the herbicide glufosinate. These results demonstrate that KR022 is effective as a rice restorer line for the breeding of “green super rice”, possessing multiple tolerances to rice BPH, stem borer, leaf folder and glufosinate.     

2013-2015年国家自然科学基金对植物保护学科资助情况分析

本文主要以2013-2015年国家自然科学基金对植物保护学科资助项目情况统计数据为依据,分析了植物保护学科资助项目在生命科学部中的地位、二级学科受资助情况、各类项目受资助情况以及申请数与资助数的关系等,并提出扩大申请规模、提升申请质量、谋求高层次项目资助、加强人才培养及团队建设等思考,以期为植物保护科研工作者及依托单位申请科学基金提供参考。     

新疆陆地棉品种抗枯、黄萎病鉴定

通过对供试的20个新疆陆地棉品种在苗期、花蕾期、吐絮期和剖杆检查进行抗枯、黄萎病的鉴定。结果显示,在抗枯萎病鉴定中,没有发现对枯萎病免疫及高抗品种,其中抗病品种有1个,耐病品种有2个,感病品种有11个,特别高感的品种有6个;在非落叶型病圃抗黄萎病鉴定中,没有发现对黄萎病免疫材料,高抗品种有1个,抗病品种3个,耐病品种7个,特别高感的品种有9个;而在落叶型病圃鉴定中,也没有发现对黄萎病免疫和抗病的品种,其中耐病品种有2个,感病品种有8个,高感品种10个。     

木材损伤断裂过程的声发射特性与Felicity效应

以2种针叶材、2种阔叶材为试材,研究无缺陷试件和含横纹裂纹试件在弯曲破坏过程中材料内部微结构演化的声发射特性,并利用声发射特征参数对几种损伤类型进行辨识.结果表明:1)无缺陷试件在加载初期声发射事件发展较为缓慢,且出现的主要是一些低振幅的AE信号,而大量高振幅AE信号出现在峰值载荷附近及韧性断裂阶段;2)利用声发射监测含裂纹试件在三点弯曲载荷下的损伤并断裂全过程,可以明显地识别裂纹尖端启裂和扩展的不同阶段;3)声发射信号的特征与损伤模式有关,胞壁断裂对应的AE特征为高幅值、高能量及长持续时间,而胞壁界面损伤与层裂损伤和细胞屈服与压溃损伤对应的AE特征为低幅度、低能量及短持续时间;4)木试件在低载荷水平下呈现Kaiser效应,而在高载荷水平下呈现Felicity效应,应用Felicity比能够较好地反映木结构的损伤程度.     

浅谈分子生物学双语教学中的问题及对策

文中分析了分子生物学双语教学中存在问题,提出了解决的相应对策。指出提高分子生物学双语教学质量的几个关键之处：师资队伍建设、学生英语水平的提高、合适教材的选择、灵活多样教法的使用、分班教学、评价体系的改进等。     

2BMFJ系列免耕精量播种机清秸装置优化与试验

针对2BMFJ系列原茬地免耕覆秸精量播种机作业过程中,清秸装置所引起的振动强度较大、功耗较大、作业速度较慢等问题,在机收后的小麦原茬地条件下,采用四因素三水平正交试验方法,选择每盘刀齿数、刀盘排布方式、作业速度、刀盘转速为影响因素,以机组通过性、振动强度、当量功耗、当量燃油消耗率为评价指标,对影响清秸装置性能的结构与作业参数进行了优化试验研究。结果表明:在每盘刀齿数4、刀盘排布方式3-2-3、作业速度5.4km/h和刀盘转速300 r/min时,清秸装置未发生堵塞,振动强度为134.48 m/s~2,当量功耗为4.58 k W,当量燃油消耗率为159.22 m L/(k W·h)。较优化前的机具,振动强度降低31.74%,当量功耗降低22.11%,作业速度提高20%。     

Impact of needle age on the response of respiration in Scots pine to long-term elevation of carbon dioxide concentration and temperature

Sixteen 20-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees growing in the field were enclosed in environment-controlled chambers that for 4 years maintained: (1) ambient conditions (CON); (2) elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] (ambient + 350 micromol mol-1; EC); (3) elevated temperature (ambient + 2-3 degrees C; ET); or (4) elevated [CO2] and temperature (EC+ET). Dark respiration rate, specific leaf area (SLA) and the concentrations of starch and soluble sugars in needles were measured in the fourth year. Respiration rates, on both an area and a mass basis, and SLA decreased in EC relative to CON, but increased in ET and EC+ET, regardless of needle age class. Starch and soluble sugar concentrations for a given needle age class increased in EC, but decreased slightly in ET and EC+ET. Respiration rates and SLA were highest in current-year needles in all treatments, whereas starch and soluble sugar concentrations were highest in 1-year-old needles. Relative to that of older needles, respiration of current-year needles was inhibited less by EC, but increased in response to ET and EC+ET. All treatments enhanced the difference in respiration between current-year and older needles relative to that in CON. Age had a greater effect on needle respiration than any of the treatments. There were no differences in carbohydrate concentration or SLA between needle age classes in response to any treatment. Relative to CON, the temperature coefficient (Q10) of respiration increased slightly in EC, regardless of age, but declined significantly in ET and EC+ET, indicating acclimation of respiration to temperature.     

液压机械无级变速传动系统计算与分析

液压机械无级变速传动可以通过电控系统实现自动换挡。本文以小松WA380-3液压机械无级变速系统为例,介绍了它的组成和工作原理,对其进行了运动学分析,并阐述了在大功率拖拉机上的应用的可行性。