高产优质抗病香稻新品种原稻1号

原稻1号是河南省原阳县农科所选育的粳香型水稻新品种,产量高,品质优,抗病性好,适宜在沿黄稻区大面积推广种植。本文归纳了原稻1号的选育经过、特征特性及产量表现,并总结了相应的高产栽培技术。     

荔枝"妃子笑"品种花药培养及其体胚发生

以荔枝(LitchichinesisSonn.)品种“妃子笑”为试材,研究其花药离体培养及植株再生的影响因素。结果表明,荔枝花药在MS 2,4-D2mg/L NAA0.2mg/L以及含50g/L蔗糖的培养基上诱导胚性愈伤组织效果较好,把胚性愈伤组织转移到MS BA1mg/L NAA0.5mg/L,谷氨酰胺500mg/L,蔗糖50g/L分化培养基上培养1个月后,体胚大量萌发,再将成熟体胚转移到附加500mg/L谷氨酰胺的MS无激素培养基上,培养1￣2个月后,能再生成完整植株。     

旱稻引进种质的类缘关系与农艺特征分析

以5份水稻籼粳种质作对照，对15份引进早稻种质的类缘关系进行分析。结果表明，2份早稻种质属于籼稻，5份偏籼，4份偏粳，4份粳稻。对这些早稻种质的主要农艺特征进行了测验；并对其产量构成因子相关性作了分析。单株产量与7个穗部数量性状的相关性分析表明：单株产量与穗总粒数、结实率和穗数相关极显。与穗长相关显；早稻陆引46、IRAT l04、巴西陆稻、早稻297等4份引进种质综合农艺性状较好，单株产量较高，值得进一步种植观察。     

投影松驰迭代的收敛性与收敛速度

本文讨论求解一般线性互补问题的投影松弛迭代法的收敛性,对于两类迭代算法—投影雅可比松弛和投影逐次超松弛,我们给出了一些收敛判定准则.此外,我们还得到了两类算法的收敛速度估计式.     

脂质体法构建广西巴马小型猪转基因体细胞及转基因克隆胚的生产

脂质体法是一种传统的向哺乳动物细胞导入外源基因的方法,然而其转染效率受多种因素影响。本研究将从脂质体和质粒DNA量、转染暴露时间以及混合孵育时间等四方面进行探索,以寻找最佳的转染体系。试验结果表明最佳转染体系为：脂质体1.25μL、DNA 0.7μg、脂质体-DNA混合孵育0 min以及转染暴露6 h。随后我们用优化过的转染体系对新生广西巴马小型猪肾脏成纤维细胞进行转绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein,GFP）操作,获得了（26.45±2.11）%的转染率,并以此为核供体经体细胞核移植技术成功构建表达GFP的广西巴马小型猪克隆胚胎,同时证实转基因克隆胚的体外发育能力比得上非转基因克隆胚。这为我们构建用于人类疾病研究的基因修饰广西巴马小型猪奠定了基础。     

喀斯特峰丛洼地退耕还林还草工程的植被土壤耦合协调度模型

植物和土壤的耦合协调关系是生态恢复、退耕还林还草工程顺利实施的关键。该文基于典型喀斯特峰丛洼地7种代表性退耕还林还草模式植被土壤的全面调查和取样分析,建立9个植被因子和15个土壤因子的2级层次指标体系,采用层次分析法确定各因子的权重,构建了7种模式的植被土壤耦合度和耦合协调度模型。结果表明：不同退耕还林还草模式的耦合度和耦合协调度并不一一对应,植被与土壤的综合指数在全体模式中的位置也并不完全一致,退耕种植任豆+桂牧1号的植被效应和退耕种植香椿的土壤改良作用最好。退耕5年后各模式的植被土壤耦合协调状况还不十分理想,除香椿和撂荒处于中级协调发展时期外,其他退耕模式均还处于失调衰退和过度发展时期,耦合协调度模型只有桂牧1号和撂荒处于植被土壤同步型。喀斯特峰丛洼地实施退耕还林还草工程时应同步提高植物生长抚育和土壤管理水平。     

食品加工中风味规律的探索

为了获得具有良好风味的食品和为食品加工提供指导,通过对大量的食品风味经验知识的研究,探索了风味的本质问题,探讨了食品化学组成对风味造成的影响,总结出了主风味理论,合适浓度理论,平衡刺激理论,风味层次理论,风味音乐理论和刺激钝化理论等6个风味规律。并列举大量的实例对其进行解释,同时还论述了食品物理性质如质构、温度和比热对风味的影响。     

Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of chromium in rice plants suffering from different levels of chromium toxicity

The subcellular distribution and chemical forms of different heavy metals in rice are correlated with their bio‐toxicity. An experiment was conducted to investigate the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of chromium (Cr) in two rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 113 and cv. Dan K5) differing in Cr accumulation, to understand the mechanisms of Cr toxicity and resistance in rice plants. The results show that Cr in the roots of rice plants exposed to Cr stress was mainly localized in cell walls, whereas Cr in leaves and stems was mainly present in both cell walls and vacuoles, suggesting that both compartments act as important protective barriers against Cr toxicity in rice plants. Although Cr ions in all plant tissues exist predominantly in the forms extracted by 80% ethanol and distilled water, the amount of Cr in the chemical forms extracted by 2% HAc, 0.6 M HCl, and in residues was significantly increased under the highest Cr level (100 μM Cr) compared to the plants grown under lower Cr levels. These results indicate that excess Cr accumulated in rice plants under Cr stress is bound to undissolved or low‐bioavailable compounds, such as undissolved phosphate and oxalate, being beneficial for rice plants to alleviate Cr toxicity. In addition, under the highest Cr level (100 μM), Dan K5 had a higher percentage of Cr in the chemical forms extracted by 2% HAc, 0.6 M HCl, and in residues compared to Xiushui 113 in both stems and leaves, indicating that more Cr ions in shoots of Dan K5 were bound to undissolved or low‐bioavailable compounds, in comparison with those of Xiushui 113. It is evident that the low bioavailability of Cr in the shoots of Dan K5 is related to a high Cr accumulation.