甲壳类酪氨酸酶促褐变的研究进展

甲壳类的虾、蟹以其味美及营养价值高而深受人们喜爱.虾、蟹既是我国渔业经济中的重要产业,又是出口创汇的主要产品之一.近年来,我国虾、蟹养殖业发展迅猛,已经成为渔业经济发展的一大产业.2005年,我国甲壳类生产量达到3.2406×106 t,占水产品总产量的近10%,其中,海水养殖产量8.285×105 t,淡水养殖产量3.108×106 t.但是,由于虾、蟹在常温保存中容易褐变,生产者为延长货架期往往在加工中过量使用添加剂,从而导致二氧化硫超标的现象时有发生;此外,腌制梭子蟹在低温保存加工中也容易发生褐变.这些不仅严重影响产品本身的经济价值,而且亚硫酸盐等不适当的添加还给食品安全埋下了隐患.因此,深入开展虾蟹等甲壳类防褐变保鲜技术的研究显得尤为重要和迫切.     

几种壳聚糖降解方法探讨

壳聚糖经降解后的低聚壳聚糖和壳寡糖具有优异的生理活性.本文着重介绍了壳聚糖降解方法中化学降解法、物理降解法和酶降解法,以及由这3种降解法派生出的一些适合实际生产的复合降解法,并对其工业化生产的可行性和品质优劣进行了探讨.     

不同药物及给药途径对仔猪白痢治疗效果的影响

选择自然感染大肠杆菌、拉白色或灰白色稀粪的哺乳仔猪(要求无弱仔和其他疾病)195头为试验动物,以每窝仔猪为单位,随机分成两大组(每组设5个试验组),给药途径选用肌肉注射和后海穴注射药物;观测三九克痢注射液、氟哌酸注射液、恩诺沙星注射液、痢菌净、链霉素等5种药物对仔猪白痢治疗效果的影响。结果表明,肌注的5个实验组即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组总有效率分别是75.0%、72.7%、58.8%、68.4%和52.9%(P﹤0.05),穴注的五个实验组即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组总有效率分别是77.3%、72.0%、66.7%、73.7%和62.5%(P﹤0.05);肌注组的总有效率66.3%、穴注组的总有效率71.0%。结果表明,三九克痢的疗效与安全性都是最好的;其次是恩诺沙星;后海穴注射药物的疗效更好。     

生物质成型燃料加工技术分析研究

阐述了生物质成型燃料国内外发展现状、生物质成型燃料加工技术与装备的特点与使用对象;重点分析了现有的生物质成型燃料加工技术和装备在实际应用中的优缺点,得出目前我国的生物质固化成型装备在设备的实用性、系列化、规模化上还很不足,距国际先进水平还有不小的差距;这一问题以成型机最为突出,表现在生产率低、成型能耗高、主要工作部件寿命短、机器故障率多、费用高等方面;并依据生物质成型燃料发展趋势,提出目前我国生物质成型燃料加工设备的设计要点为：一是加工设备的原料适应性,二是加工设备的先进性与性价比。     

若干拦河闸下游河道水位降低的消能问题及改造研究

拦河闸下游河床下切、河道水位下降,会造成其下游消能工无法正常运行,需采取相应的工程措施解决。本文根据广东省流溪河大坳拦河闸、东江水利枢纽左河汊拦河闸、乌石拦河闸、潮州供水枢纽西溪拦河闸等四座拦河闸下游消能工除险加固的水力模型试验成果,介绍了拦河闸下游河道水位下降后的下游消能工改造优化方案及运行情况,供类似工程设计和运行参考。     

流域梯级水电站实时水情预报管理系统研究

综合运用基于DEM的流域水系模型与TOPMODEL水文模型构建出了流域梯级水电站实时水文预报模型,并以VS.Net为平台,运用分布式网络编程技术将二者集成,为西南某流域梯级水电站设计开发出功能先进和完善的网络版实时水情预报管理软件系统.该系统已投入使用,为实现流域水情预报的智能化、信息化和网络化管理提供了可靠的辅助工具.     

2BMFS200免耕播种机主要部件设计与试验研究

根据保护性耕作技术的推广要求,研制和生产新型免耕播种机势在必行.2BMFS200型播种机适合新的种植模式,能实现宽苗带播种,保证播深一致,作业效率高,有大面积推广使用的价值.     

Developmental Genetics Analysis for Plant Height in indica Hybrid Rice Across Environments

The developmental genetics of plant height was analyzed from two groups of three-line indica hybrid rice at two environmental conditions based on the NCII design, using the additive-dominant developmental genetics models and the statistic methods. The results showed that the rice genotypes and environmental conditions could both affect plant height, and the effects of environment on plant height decreased gradually with plant development. Additive and dominant effects both governed the performance of plant height at all developmental stages. However, the degrees of effect varied among the rice genotypes. Moreover, the interaction between environments and genotypes also affected plant height. The genetic effects differed at most developmental stages. Furthermore, the expression of additive effect was more active than that of dominant effect. Conditional interaction effects with environment also influenced plant height during genetic development, especially at the early stage. Mid-parent heterosis (HMP) increased gradually with the developmental stage of plant height, and maximized at the latest stage, whereas the heterosis over the better parent (HBP) showed small differences among the genotypes, and kept stable at the later stage, with positive numeric value. At most developmental stages, conditional HMP was positively significant, while conditional HBP was negatively significant. All above results suggest that HMP and HBP have some new expressions in all developmental periods and the levels and directions are quite different.     

槟榔间作香露兜对香露兜光合特性和香气成分的影响

为了研究槟榔与香露兜间作后香露兜叶片光合特性及香气成分变化,通过田间试验,比较槟榔间作香露兜处理和香露兜单作对照在叶片的光合特性和香气成分等差异。结果表明,处理叶片的净光合速率显著增加,叶片温度显著降低,叶片净光合速率和叶温间负相关关系达到显著水平;处理和对照叶片中共鉴定出9类31种香气成分,其中处理叶片的大量香气成分如角鲨烯、叶绿醇、新植二烯、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮、丙酮醇以及特征香气成分2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉等17种共有香气成分含量显著高于对照,丙酮酸甲酯和呋喃酮含量显著低于对照;叶片香气成分中角鲨烯和3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮含量与净光合速率呈显著正相关关系,2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉、角鲨烯、叶绿醇、新植二烯、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮以及丙酮醇等挥发性香气成分含量均与叶片温度呈极显著负相关关系。由此可见,槟榔间作香露兜能提高香露兜叶片的净光合速率并降低叶片温度,进而提高主要香气成分含量和提升香露兜叶片品质,可为槟榔林下间作香露兜高效栽培模式的推广应用提供理论支撑。     

Identification of QTL Affecting Protein and Amino Acid Contents in Rice

The phenotypes of protein and amino acid contents were measured in an F9 recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between Zhenshan 97B and Delong 208. A total of 48 and 64 QTLs were identified in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The contribution of each QTL to the phenotypic variation ranged from 4.0% to 43.7%. Most QTLs co-localized, forming 29 QTL clusters on the chromosomes with three major ones detected in both years, which were mapped on chromosomes 1, 7 and 9, respectively. The two QTL clus...