花期低温对水稻叶鞘生理及结实率的影响

盆栽条件下,以耐冷性不同的2个水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种龙稻5（耐冷型）和龙粳11（冷敏型）为材料,于开花期在人工气候室进行低温（15℃,分别持续1,2,3,4,5 d）处理,研究开花期低温对不同耐冷性水稻结实率及叶鞘膜透性、抗氧化酶等生理指标的影响。结果表明：低温处理2 d时,龙稻5和龙粳11的花粉活力分别下降了8.21%和16.10%,差异达极显著水平;低温处理3 d后,龙稻5的结实率下降到99.90%,与CK相比差异达到显著水平;低温处理1 d后,龙粳11的结实率下降到60.04%,与对照相比差异达到极显著水平。低温处理提高了水稻叶鞘相对电导率和脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量,处理5 d时各指标达最大值,与CK相比,龙稻15和龙粳11分别提高了38.01%和20.77%、25.06%和84.85%、25.82%和23.63%。同时低温处理也提高了叶鞘超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,处理3 d时酶活性达最大值,龙稻15和龙粳11分别较CK提高了10.57%和14.90%、86.26%和68.71%、17.73%和28.25%。综上所述,开花期低温引起水稻叶鞘膜脂过氧化程度升高,但也诱导水稻叶鞘抗氧化系统开启、保护酶活性上升以抵御低温伤害;开花期低温导致水稻花粉活力降低并引起结实率降低,耐冷品种较冷敏品种抵御能力强。     

不同土体构型土壤的持水性能

通过GMS软件三维建模功能,将宁夏某葡萄基地土壤划分为4种土体构型:壤砂型、砂型、壤砂粘型和壤粘砂型结构,并对基地土壤的田间持水量、饱和导水率和容重进行了分析,研究了不同土体构型下的土壤持水性能。结果表明,土壤土体构型不同,其容重、田间持水量、土壤饱和导水率也不同。砂型结构的田间持水量和容重最小,分别为13%和1.5 g·cm~(-3),而土壤饱和导水率最大,为3.2 m·d~(-1);壤粘砂型结构田间持水量和容重最大,分别为16.5%和1.63 g·cm~(-3),而土壤饱和导水率最小,为1.02 m·d~(-1);田间持水量与土壤饱和导水率的相关系数为-0.92,呈显著负相关,与容重的相关系数为0.73,呈显著正相关。壤粘砂型土体构型上壤下粘,利于保水保肥,持水性能最好;砂型结构持水性能最差,其他土体构型持水性能一般,需要进行改良以提高土壤的持水性能。     

江西省西红柿青枯病抑病土壤研究初报

作者在江西省不少地区发现存在着番茄青枯病抑病土壤,并对其抑病性能和抑病机制进行了初步研究。一、江西省番茄青枯病抑病土壤的调查在番茄青枯病盛发期,按5点取样250—1000株,结合全田踏查,连作3年以上不发病或发病率在1％以下的土壤,大片(非水旱轮作)多年连作而未见病害显著为害的土壤,     

Mechanism of Chinese processing in patients with Broca aphasia

AIM: To explore the mechanism of Chinese processing in patients with Broca aphasia so as to offering accordance for speech rehabilitation. METHODS: The test of orthographic, semantic information and phonological were conducted. The scores in each group with Chi-square test in patients were compared to those in 10 normal people. RESULTS: No significant difference between two groups in the vocabulary identification and in the vocabulary identification from homophony (P>0.05) was observed (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the identification picture from vocabularies, the identification vocabulary from pictures and the vocabulary identification from sound (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The patient with Broca aphasia is independent in the course of the orthographic input, and the ability to retrieve semantic information from orthographic activation word may not affected by phonological lexicon.     

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptotic pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with SAHA at different concentrations for 48 h. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was detected by real-time cellular analysis. The protein levels of acetylated histones H3K9 and H3K27, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and p-PERK were determined by Western blot. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with control group, treatment with SAHA at 0.1 μmol/L and 1 μmol/L for 48 h showed no significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells, while SAHA at 6 μmol/L and 12 μmol/L significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells (P<0.05). The results of Western blot showed that the protein levels of acH3K9, acH3K27, GRP78 and p-PERK increased significantly after treated with SAHA at diffe-rent concentrations for 48 h, while the protein level of PERK was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rates of the HepG2 cells increased with the increase in SAHA concentration. CONCLUSION: SAHA up-regulates the acetylation of H3K9 and H3K27 in the HepG2 cells and induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis pathway.     

‘砀山酥梨’褐皮芽变木质素含量及相关酶活性与CCoAOMT 表达量分析

 为了探讨‘砀山酥梨’芽变品系‘锈酥’果皮褐色形成机理,采用分光光度法测定盛花后25、50、75、100、125、150和175 d果皮中木质素含量和相关酶活性变化;从构建的‘锈酥’正向SSH-cDNA文库中筛选出与木质素生物合成密切相关的CCoAOMT-EST,通过实时荧光定量PCR测定了‘砀山酥梨’和‘锈酥’果皮中CCoAOMT的相对表达量。结果表明：‘锈酥’果皮发育前期木质素增量较大,且木质素增量累计比‘砀山酥梨’高12.2%;‘砀山酥梨’和‘锈酥’果皮中PAL、4CL、CAD酶活性均在花后75 d达到最大值,而POD酶活性则在花后125 d出现高峰;二者果皮中4种酶活性变化趋势基本一致,但‘锈酥’果皮中均相对较高;‘锈酥’果皮中的PAL和4CL酶活性与木质素增量变化均呈显著正相关,而‘砀山酥梨’则未呈现出此规律;在果实生长发育各个时期,‘锈酥’果皮中CCoAOMT相对表达量均高于‘砀山酥梨’。因此推测,‘锈酥’果皮褐色形成与果皮中木质素积累及相关酶活性提高有关,果皮中CCoAOMT的增量表达是‘锈酥’果实褐皮形成的重要原因之一。     

槲皮素对苎麻、涤纶的吸附性能初步研究

本文以生物黄酮配基槲皮素为分散染料,对苎麻分别在77℃乙醇染浴中和在93℃水染浴中进行了染色实验,并与合成纤维涤纶进行对比,为苎麻和涤纶用天然染料进行染色的工艺选择提出了初步方案。结果表明槲皮素是一种理想的环保天然分散染料。     

广谱抗病虫几丁质酶产生菌X2-23的筛选与鉴定

 X2-23是从水稻叶片分离到的一种几丁质酶活力较高的菌株,经Boller法测定,其几丁质酶活性达25.5 U/mL。它对水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病、恶苗病,小麦赤霉病,油菜菌核病等10多种真菌病原菌以及水稻白叶枯病菌等细菌病原菌具有不同程度的抑制作用。室内测试表明,它对水稻稻苞虫具有杀虫侵染作用,饲喂12、24 h后,其校正死亡率分别达到57.77%、89.88%。该菌经形态学及生理生化特性鉴定,初步定为圆孢芽孢杆菌(Bacillus globisporus),是一种新的几丁质酶产生菌和生防菌。     

禾谷缢管蚜气味降解酶鉴定及其与关键信息化学物质的分子对接

为探究禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi气味降解酶(odorant degrading enzyme,ODE)与关键信息化学物质的作用模式,从其触角转录组中筛选属于ODE的细胞色素P450与谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶,利用IQ-tree 2.1.1软件构建进化树;根据FPKM值筛选出高表达蛋白,用SWISS-MODEL软件进行同源建模;并应用AutoDock软件与寄主植物挥发性气味和信息素进行分子对接。结果表明,筛选获得禾谷缢管蚜细胞色素P450基因30个,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶基因10个,且40个基因均有完整的开放阅读框;根据FPKM值筛选出9个在禾谷缢管蚜触角表达量较高的基因,其中同源建模成功的有5个;同一蛋白与不同气味分子结合时,结合能有差异;结构相似的气味分子与不同蛋白结合时,结合位点与结合能相似。表明与气味结合蛋白相比较,禾谷缢管蚜ODE对气味分子的选择特异性较低。     

小麦内生细菌对全蚀病的防治作用及其机制

小麦全蚀病是世界各大小麦产区危害十分严重的一种土传病害,目前对其防治还没有好的抗病品种和特别有效的化学农药。自从成功地用荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluoresens防治小麦全蚀病以来,生物防治逐渐成为防治该病的一种经济而有效的措施[1]。近几年,内生菌由于其独特的优点已成为生物防治的研究热点,但对其防病机制的研究仍不够深入,作者对健康小麦上获得的5株内生细菌防治小麦全蚀病的作用及其机制进行了研究,为其进一步应用提供依据。1材料与方法1.1供试菌及其培养:小麦全蚀病菌9826Gaeu-mannomyces graminisvar.tritici(简称Ggt)与小…