竹材结构的防腐

由于在露天环境中遭遇生物腐蚀,竹秆的持久性差,所以需要采取化学手段增强其耐力.但是它的解剖构造使化学物质难以像木材那样容易进入竹材.竹秆的外部由其表皮保护防水,不像木材那样有径向渗透的途径.而其内部腔隙也有保护性纤维.化学物质的主要渗透途径位于竹秆根部微管束的后生木质部.这些渗透途径分布于横剖面,很不均匀,且少,只占总面积的8～10%,而且在通过竹节时改变方向.由于在采伐时砍伤竹秆,通向导管的细胞腔被堵塞,渗透途径也受影响.周围的薄壁细胞是竹秆组织的主要部分,它们通过微小的纹孔互相连接,只能通过弥散进入.它们所含的淀粉是昆虫和某些真菌的食品.对纤维的保护也有赖于弥散.用化学物质进行保护,对于新鲜的含水量高的竹秆效果最好.就像简单的根部处理,或技术性较强的细胞液改善.新鲜竹秆的薄壁组织和纤维也能通过垂直弥散的方法得到保护.如进行滴渍和浸渍工作,最好在竹材含水分时劈开,因为薄壁组织容易接受弥散.技术措施如竹秆的水分储存和熏蒸的过程,与竹秆的自然结构,尤其是薄壁组织有关.     

Wood Microstructure Effects on Chinese White Poplar Dyeing

In order to study the influence of wood microstructure on wood dyeing, eleven parameters of wood microstructure and 5 parameters of wood dyeing effects for 34 pieces of wood boards from 5 trees of Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa) were determined and the multiple regression analysis between the factors of wood microstructures and the parameters of wood dyeing effects were made. The regression results show that each variable of wood dyeing effects has higher relationship with wood microstructures, and multiple correlation coefficients between each variable of wood dyeing effects and wood microstructures are 0.483 6~0.799 8. The main factors of wood microstructures influencing wood dyeing of Chinese white poplar are proportion of wood ray, proportion of vessel and proportion of wood fiber according to comparing the standardized regression coefficients of multiple regression equation.     

Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Measure Mechanical Properties of Solid Wood

The visible and near infrared （NIR） （350-2500 nm） spectra and the MOE of 438 small clear wood samples from Chinese fir, eucalyptus and poplar 72 were measured. Using partial least-square （PLS） modeling, the NIR spectra could be used to predict MOE and MOR of the clear-wood samples from Chinese fir and eucalyptus solid wood. NIR spectra could only be used to Predict MOE but not MOR of poplar clear-wood samples. With the exception of MoR of poplar clear-wood samples, the correlations between NIR and the mechanical properties are very strong, and the calibration and test correlation coefficients are both above 0.80.     

Analysis of Original Causes of Reed Fires in Zhalong Nature Wetland Reserve in Heilongjiang Province

Zhalong Nature Reserve is located in the border areaof Qiqihaer City, Fuyu County, Lindian County andTailai County of Heilongjiang Province. The area ofthe reserve is 210 000 ha. The reserve is the firstnature reserve for protecting wetland and crane inChina. There were more than 300 red-crownedcranes here at the very most. Zhalong Nature Reserveis situated at the Songnen Plain, the lower stream ofthe Wuyuer River. It is the biggest nature reserve inChina that takes crane and wetland …     

生根量和育苗容器形状对白云杉苗早期生长的影响

<正> 一、引言 关于生根量对于针叶树容器苗早期生长的影响问题,安迪(Endean)和卡尔松(Carlson)先生早在1975年曾经论述过。在容器苗生产的培育阶段,生根量很少严重地阻碍到针叶树苗的生长。但随着育苗容器容积的增大,象美国黑松(Pinus Contorta Dougl)、白云杉(Picea glauca Voss)、加拿大短叶松(Pinus banksiana Lamb.)等苗木的干     

对腰果叶面喷施尿素的叶龄、浓度和吸收时间的研究

<正> 腰果的叶面施肥效果,包括叶龄、施用浓度和施用时间等因素,对此进行研究:当新叶刚萌发时,选择生势和树冠均一致的8株树,在萌发后一周对2株树进行处理;叶龄2周时,对选出的另2株树进行了相同的处理。随后在叶龄3周和4周时分别进行相同的处理。取叶片样品分析,发现叶龄和尿素浓度的差异极显著,吸收时间则不重要。根据这项研究,可以认为,在腰果叶龄为3周时喷施4％的尿素有好的效果。     

用树高与胸径估测生境质量

为了精细管理森林资源,需要简便易行、准确可靠的估测生境质量的方法,本研究的目的是根据树高(H)与相应的胸高直径(D)检验估测生境质量的方法.森林生产力是单位时间(年)的材积生产量.是预报资源管理所必须的数据,森林生产力的估测取决于生境类型和时间.与时间无关的生境质量可不考虑林龄进行无偏估计.以往用的生境指数法,把年龄对应的树高值作为生境指数(SI).     

处理多波段数据课题中的主元素方法

<正> 1.减少测度的维数假设u~(i)=(u_(1i),u_(2i),…u_(ni))—为影像第i个因子的多波段测量值(在n个光谱段中的光谱亮度值),而n={u~((1)),u((2)),…u~((n))}—是对整个影像或它的局部量测值的总和。处理这些数据对下列各点是重要的。     

辐射松的隐座霉疫病

世界上人口不断增长,对植物资源,包括木材的需要不断增加,在满足人类木材要求方面,辐射松(Pinus radiata D.Don)起着重要的作用。辐射松每年每公顷生长量可高达24立方米,而且造林容易,成本低廉,是一个优良的造林树种。辐射松在原产地仅分布于加利福利亚滨海以及瓜德罗普沿岸岛屿大约4000余公顷的地区,而且形状和大小也并不出众。但在十九世纪后期引种到许多其它国家后,其生长一般比原产地好,智利、新西兰、澳大利亚和东非等国家和地区都采用它作为营造大面积商品林的树种。迄今为止,辐射松栽植最广的地区是智利和新西兰,这两个国家都有25万公顷以上的辐射松林,生产木材和发展造纸业。澳大利亚也有10万公顷以上的辐射松林,大部分     

Analysis of Sediment Source of Watershed in Western Shanxi of the Loess Plateau

1 INTRODUCTIONThe Loess Plateau is the most drastic soil erosion regionin China, with the most severe water erosion. Thedistribution of types and intensity of erosion not onlyhave regional diversity but also have perpendicularvariation. In the small watershed, there are differencesin erosion characters among its upper, middle and lowerreaches. It is very significant for taking rationalmeasures of soil and water conservation and forpreventing soil and water loss to analyze the relationbe…