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151.
152.
Hasegawa D Kobayashi M Kuwabara T Ohmura T Fujita M Orima H 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2008,10(4):418-421
With the eventual goal of making zonisamide (ZNS), a relatively new antiepileptic drug, available for the treatment of epilepsy in cats, the pharmacokinetics after a single oral administration at 10mg/kg and the toxicity after 9-week daily administration of 20mg/kg/day of ZNS were studied in healthy cats. Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained with a single administration of ZNS at 10mg/day were as follows: Cmax=13.1microg/ml; Tmax=4.0h; T(1/2)=33.0h; areas under the curves (AUCs)=720.3microg/mlh (values represent the medians). The study with daily administrations revealed that the toxicity of ZNS was comparatively low in cats, suggesting that it may be an available drug for cats. However, half of the cats that were administered 20mg/kg/day daily showed adverse reactions such as anorexia, diarrhoea, vomiting, somnolence and locomotor ataxia. 相似文献
153.
Won-Joung Hwang S. Nami Kartal Yuji Imamura Kunio Tsunoda Katsumi Shinoda 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(4):332-338
This study describes a laboratory evaluation of the efficacy of two alkylammonium compounds [didecyldimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate
(DBF) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC)] when applied via vacuum impregnation or superficial treatment. Treated
wood specimens were tested for their termite and microbial resistance under controlled laboratory conditions. The higher chemical
retentions were needed to suppress the feeding by Coptotermes formosanus ≦3% mass loss in the multichoice test than in the no-choice test. The DBF and DDAC retention levels necessary to meet the
performance requirement ≦3% mass loss after 12-week fungal exposure varied with wood species. The retention level of 3 kg/m3 for DBF and DDAC was generally high to keep the nondurable wood species free of decay. Although there was no difference between
DBF and DDAC in the efficacy against decay and termite attack, the former slightly outperformed the latter as an antimold
and antisapstain agent. 相似文献
154.
Zhenfeng Jiang Binbin Zhang Weili Teng Yingpeng Han Xue Zhao Desheng Sun Zhongchen Zhang Wenbin Li 《Euphytica》2011,177(3):431-442
The oil accumulation in the developing soybean seed has been shown to be a dynamic process with different rates and activities
at different phases affected by both genotype and environment. The objective of the present study was to investigate additive,
epistatic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) × environment interaction (QE) effects of the QTL controlling oil filling rate
in soybean seed. A total of 143 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Charleston and Dongnong 594 were
used in this study to obtain 2 years of field data (2004 and 2005). A total of 26 QTL with significantly unconditional and
conditional additive (a) effect and/or additive × environment interaction (ae) effect at different filling stages were identified on 14 linkage groups. Among the QTL with significant a effects, 18 QTL showed positive effects and 6 QTL had negative effects on seed filling rate of oil content during seed development.
A total of 29 epistatic pairwise QTL underlying seed filling rate were identified at different filling stages. About 28 pairs
of the QTL showed additive × additive epistatic (aa) effects and 14 pairs of the QTL showed aa × environment interaction (aae) effects at different filling stages. QTL with aa and aae (additive × additive × environment) effects appeared to vary at different filling stages. Our results demonstrated that oil
filling rate in soybean seed were under genetic, developmental and environmental control. 相似文献
155.
Many industrial products are made of cord-rubber composite materials. Their mechanical behavior not only depends on rubber but also depends on cord. Nylon 66 cord is one of the most important reinforcement in these products. This paper research the mechanical behavior of nylon 66 cord under various load cases. A series of experiments were carried out to obtaining stress-strain curves under different load cases. Complex changes of the modulus and Mullins effect can be found in monotonic and cyclic tension, respectively. Mechanism of these behaviors has been analyzed considering both the twisted structure and material. A phenomenological constitutive model, accounting for different loading conditions, has been firstly proposed base on strain energy density function and damage mechanics method. The proposed model has been verified by comparing the predicted results with experimental data. It has been found that the proposed model predicted the stress-strain curves that were consistent with the experimental data. The proposed model can be implemented in finite element software for engineering design and application. 相似文献
156.
Francisco G. Bittara Gary A. Secor Neil C. Gudmestad 《American Journal of Potato Research》2017,94(2):129-147
The effect of chloropicrin fumigation on the soil populations of Spongospora subterranea and the development of powdery scab, formation of root galls and tuber yield was investigated in seven field trials conducted in Minnesota and North Dakota. Sixteen potato cultivars, with different levels of susceptibility to disease on roots and tubers, were planted in plots treated with chloropicrin at rates ranging from zero to 201.8 kg a.i. ha?1. The amount of S. subterranea DNA in soil was determined using qPCR. Bioassays were conducted to further assess the effect of chloropicrin fumigation on root colonization by S. subterranea in two potato cultivars with contrasting disease susceptibility. In the field, chloropicrin applied at rates between 70.1 to 201.8 kg a.i. ha?1 significantly decreased S. subterranea initial inoculum in soil but increased the amount of disease observed on roots and tubers of susceptible cultivars. The effect of increasing disease was confirmed in controlled conditions experiments. Although the amount of S. subterranea DNA in roots of bioassay plants increased with increasing chloropicrin rates, it remained similar among potato cultivars. Chloropicrin fumigation significantly increased tuber yield which in cultivars such as Shepody and Umatilla Russet were associated with the amount root galls (r = 0.30; P < 0.03). Results of these studies contradict earlier reports on the use of chloropicrin fumigation for the control of powdery scab. Factors other than inoculum level, such as environmental conditions that affect inoculum efficiency and host susceptibility, may be significant contributors to the development of powdery scab and root gall formation. 相似文献
157.
Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi Maryam Bozorg-Amirkalaee Rana Muhammad Sarfaraz 《Journal of pest science》2011,84(1):41-47
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is an important insect pest of canola, Brassica napus L., in Ardabil, Iran. Host plant resistance is an essential component of integrated management of P. xylostella. We investigated the preferences and performance of P. xylostella on nine commercial cultivars of canola, namely Zarfam, RGS003, Adder, Okapi, Opera, Hyola401, Ebonite Option500 and Elite
under greenhouse conditions at 23 ± 1°C, 50 ± 5% RH and 14L:10D. In free-choice situation, oviposition was lowest on Opera
(23.5) and highest on Zarfam (44.7). In the life table study, fecundity of new generation female moths was lowest on Opera
(95.4) and highest on Adder (145.7). Survival from egg to adult was significantly lower on Opera, Option500 and Hyola401 than
on other tested cultivars. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r
m) and population growth rate (λ) were lowest on Opera and highest on Zarfam. The generation time (T) was shortest on Zarfam (17.2 days) and longest on Hyola401 (19.9 days) whereas doubling time (DT) was longest on Opera (3.9 days)
and shortest on Zarfam (3.0 days). Our results clearly suggest that Opera was the most resistant host among the tested cultivars
and has the potential to be used in the integrated management of P. xylostella. 相似文献
158.
Shinichi Tatsumi Toshiaki Owari Hisatomi Kasahara Yuji Nakagawa 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(4):369-378
Quantifying tree damage and mortality caused by single-tree selection harvesting is critical to understanding postharvest forest dynamics and management. In this study, we quantified the effects of tree size and species and the distance from residual trees to felled trees and skid trails on damage to residual trees and mortality in mixed coniferous–broadleaved stands of Hokkaido, northern Japan. Among the 4,961 trees that we studied, 373 (7.5 %) were damaged, and 148 of these trees (3.0 %) died during or immediately after logging. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling showed that the risk of damage to residual trees increased with increasing size of the felled trees and with increasing proximity to felled trees and skid trails. Smaller residual trees had the greatest risk of damage. Species differed in their susceptibility to damage; Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters and Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr. were the most susceptible species in our sample plots. Smaller damaged trees had the highest risk of mortality. The damaged trees that did not die at the time of logging had a higher risk of postharvest mortality than undamaged trees. Our results indicate that, to minimize logging-induced damage and mortality: (1) the spatial arrangement of skid trails should be optimized and fixed, (2) the risk of skidding damage should be considered before marking the trees to be harvested and choosing the felling direction, and (3) logging operators should be instructed to avoid damaging small trees, especially those of the species that are most susceptible to damage. 相似文献
159.
The content of the glyceraldehyde-2-aryl ether-type structure in water-soluble lignin–carbohydrate complex (LCC) fractions, which were obtained from Japanese cedar and birch residual wood meal after milled wood lignin isolation, was determined by ozonation. Quite high amounts of the glyceraldehyde-2-aryl ether-type structure were found in water-soluble LCC fractions of both species; about 3–5 times higher than those of other fractions. This result, as well as the high content of the β-1 structure in these fractions shown in our previous reports, suggest that lignin in these fractions has the characteristics of endwise-type lignin, because the glyceraldehyde-2-aryl ether-type structure and β-1 structure are typical characteristics of this type of lignin fraction. These results are in good agreement with the generally accepted hypothesis that the glyceraldehyde-2-aryl ether-type structure and β-1 structure are generated at the same time by a radical coupling reaction. The results also indicated that these two structures are present in close proximity in the lignin. 相似文献
160.
Akira Shigematsu Nobuya Mizoue Kumiko Ide Kakada Khun Muthavy Pheng Shigejiro Yoshida Katsuhisa Kohroki Noriko Sato 《New Forests》2011,42(2):149-162
We estimated the production of rubberwood from 1996 to 2011 in Cambodia. We employed data from interview surveys with three
rubberwood processing companies and statistics from estate rubber plantations and wood retailing companies. The result was
that the end use of rubberwood in Cambodia was the sawntimber products, being exported to Vietnam and China. The yield rate
from rubberwood stumpage into sawn timber was between 11.6 and 14.9%, closely matching the rates of Malaysia and Thailand.
The average production of rubberwood roundwood from 1996 to 2011 was 254,697 m3/year, of which sawn timber as well as residuals in secondary processing was 84,559 and 170,138 m3/year, respectively. Although the timber production of Cambodia has declined sharply due to the strict restriction of natural
forest logging, rubberwood could explain more than 60% of the domestic industrial roundwood production from 2000. We suggest
the necessity of monitoring the expansion of rubber plantations in new rubber producing countries and linking the rubberwood
production with the regional wood resource management. 相似文献