除臭微生物7NC培养基和培养条件的优化

针对除臭微生物7NC的应用,采用单因素试验和正交试验的方法对菌株7NC进行了培养基以及培养基组分的筛选。结果表明,7NC较理想的培养基为营养肉汤培养基:蛋白胨10 g/L,氯化钠8 g/L,葡萄糖1 g/L,PH 7.5,酵母粉3 g/L,最适条件为温度37℃,摇床培养(130 r/min),接种量为3%。试验结果为7NC的大规模生产提供了参数,提高了产量。     

氯鼠酮钠盐防治布氏田鼠研究

氯鼠酮钠盐是国内近年合成的抗凝血杀鼠剂,用它对草原主要害鼠布氏田鼠作了毒力测定。急性LD_(50)为1.882±0.7537毫克/公斤,回归方程y=2.2476x+4.3826;慢性LD_(50)为0.20±0.0302毫克/公斤,回归方程y=2.4396x+6.7051。用0.004％、0.008％和0.016％氯鼠酮钠盐小麦毒饵作了现场灭鼠试验,其效果分别为75.83±5.90％、70.81±5.96％和98.41±4.62％。用氯鼠酮钠盐防治布氏田鼠一次投饵时宜用浓度为0.01％～0.016％。     

我国西北、西南地区牧草种子质量及其影响因素分析

１９９３和１９９４年，对我国西北、西南７省（区）主要生产、经销的１１种１１０个种批的牧草和草坪草种子进行了现场扦样、质量检验和质量定级，并对影响种子质量的因素进行了调查与分析。结果表明：被检种的平均合格率为７１．４％，其一、二、三级及不合格种子分别占３６．０％、１２．７％、２２．７％和２８．６％。种批的质量以进口坪用草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草和国产苇状羊茅（坪用）和老芒麦质量最好，种批平均质量均达一级；其次为国产多年生黑麦草（坪用）和毛苕子，虽然各含三级和／或二级种子，但合格率为１００％。其它被检种质量较低，尤其是紫花苜蓿（１９９３年检）、沙打旺（１９９４年检）、苏丹草和红豆草，不合格种批率分别为６０％、７０％、８０％和１００％。种子质量低的主要表现为多数种杂质含量高和杂草种子严重超标，部分种发芽率低以及个别种水分含量过高。影响种子质量的主要因素为（１）种子生产不规范，技术落后；（２）生产和经营者缺乏必备的种子收获、清选机具以及种子收后质量管理知识；（３）种子经营混乱，信息不畅，产销脱节等。就如何尽快提高我国牧草种子质量以及加强种子质量管理等问题提出了建议。     

鸡Bcl-2基因的克隆及其对卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡的影响

将鸡的 Bcl- 2基因克隆到真核表达载体 JL V中 ,构建了重组质粒 JL VB。 0 .2μg/孔 JL VB重组质粒经脂质体介导转染卵泡颗粒细胞 ,应用流式细胞术等方法分析了转染 Bcl- 2基因后原代细胞和传代细胞的生长与凋亡情况。与对照组相比 ,转染后的传代细胞分裂速度较快 (P<0 .0 1) ,凋亡比率较低 ,G2 / M S期细胞比例极显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。这些结果表明 ,Bcl- 2基因具有促进细胞分裂、抑制细胞凋亡、延长细胞寿命的作用 ,这种作用是直接的。在转染时间为 12 h、DNA量为 0 .3μg/孔的条件下 ,较好的脂质体介导用量为 1.2 μL/孔。     

山羊毛霉菌病临床与病理学观察

以１０７个／ｍｌ微小根毛霉（Ｒｈｉｚｏｍｕｃｏｒｐｕｓｉｌｕｓ）孢囊孢子悬液颈静脉接种２月龄山羊,每只５ｍｌ,每日１次,连续３日,经８８ｄ观察３／４只山羊死亡。病羊临床表现精神沉郁,消瘦,体温升高,腹泻,后肢瘫痪,白细胞总数及嗜中性白细胞成倍增加,全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性降低,Ｓ－ＧＯＴ、Ｓ－ＧＰＴ和ＡＫＰ活性升高,血清胆固醇值上升,但以上各项血液生化指标变化与对照羊相比差异不显著（ｐ＞０．０５）。病理变化为全身扩散性毛霉菌病,其典型病变在肺脏,整个肺脏遍布灰白色圆形小结节。镜险肺结节中心为毛霉菌丝或碎片,周围淋巴细胞、单核细胞包绕。腿肌大部分肌束呈凝固性坏死,周围微血管内形成血栓     

山羊亚硝酸盐中毒口液,尿液,棉签偶氮显色快速诊断方法的研究

建立山羊亚硝酸盐中毒模型,用棉签分别蘸取口液、尿液立即滴加偶氮试剂均显粉红色,中毒后１０～２０ｍｉｎ显浅粉红色;６０ｍｉｎ显深粉红色,随中毒症状加重,棉签显色相应加深,甚致变为棕红色。同时棉签显色加深和血液褐变程度加重与ＭＨｂ／Ｈｂ比值升高同步。此种诊断方法是诊断亚硝酸盐中毒的动物可靠、灵敏和快速的诊断方法。     

1株具有免疫增强功能的乳酸菌筛选及其免疫效果评价

为筛选出具有较强免疫功能的益生菌用于临床研究,对分离自健康鸡粪便样品中的20株乳酸菌进行耐酸、耐胆盐、体外抑菌、黏附、胞外多糖含量测定试验以及小鼠免疫功能检测,并结合上述试验结果进行综合性评价.结果:筛选出20号菌株为目的菌株,耐酸、耐胆盐试验表明,该菌株在pH=2时的存活率为72.7％,在胆盐浓度为1.0％的环境中存...     

Frequent use of colistin-based drug treatment to eliminate extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> in backyard chicken farms in Thai Binh Province,Vietnam

Reports of livestock infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E) are increasing. Based on interviews conducted over a 6-month period, we found that veterinarians in the Vietnamese province of Thai Binh prefer to prescribe colistin-based drugs (CBD) in chicken farms. We aimed to clarify whether CBD use selects for strains of colistin-resistant ESBL-E. With the cooperation of seven local households, we detected ESBL-E in chickens’ feces after treating chickens with CBD. Phylogenetic groupings and the presence of CTX-M/AmpC genes were determined, and the multi-antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was analyzed. Our results showed that ESBL-E presented in seven chickens’ feces from two households. Seventy-two percent of ESBL-E isolates harbored CTX-M9 and the phylogenetic group A; the colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all isolated ESBL-E ranged from 0.064 to 1 μg mL^?1. Moreover, ESBL-E isolates were used to experimentally select for colistin resistance, and the effect of commercial CBD on ESBL-E was investigated. The results showed that an ESBL-E strain with a colistin MIC of 4 μg mL^?1 was able to grow in media with CBD. Although CBD treatment was effective, in vitro experiments demonstrated that ESBL-E can easily acquire colistin resistance. Therefore, restrictions on colistin use are necessary to prevent the emergence of colistin-resistant bacteria.     

Intake and digestibility in sheep and chemical composition during different seasons of some West African browse species

Foliage of Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Khaya senegalensis, from 10 trees per species, was collected every two weeks during the late dry, rainy and cool season to determine the seasonal effects on chemical composition. Fifteen rams of the Djallonké breed, weighing on average 20.0 kg, were used to evaluate the voluntary intake and digestibility of hay of A. gayanus, foliage of A. africana (as a sole feed), and A. africana, P. erinaceus and K. senegalensis offered with 30% of the diet as A. gayanus hay. The crude protein (CP) content of A. africana, and P. erinaceus decreased significantly from the late dry season to the cool season when that of K. senegalensis tended to increase. The mean CP of A. africana, P. erinaceus and K. senegalensis differed significantly (173 g, 139 g and 114 g/kg DM, respectively). The DM intake of A. africana offered with hay (571 g/d) or as a sole feed (598 g/d) were not significantly different, but was higher than that of P. erinaceus (428 g/d) and K. senegalensis (298 g/d). The digestibility calculated by difference of DM and CP of A. africana (582 g/kg DM and 795 g/kg CP, respectively) did not differ significantly from A. africana as a sole feed, but were higher than for the other species. The nutritive value of A. africana seems to justify the high preference of herders for this species.     

Wild ostrich (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Struthio camelus australis</Emphasis>) reproduction in Orbata,a nature reserve in Tunisia

The aim of the current investigation was to determine wild ostrich reproductive behaviour in Orbata Nature Reserve by observing 16 hens and 28 cocks over a seven-year period. Intense laying commenced in January, one month after the cessation of the rainy season, and 92% of the eggs were produced during the dry season (January to May, peaking in March). Over the seven years, 1,322 eggs were laid in 69 nests, which corresponded to an annual average production of 19.2 ± 9.1 eggs/nest and 11.8 eggs/hen. 24 nests (34.78%) were non-brooded, 17 nests (24.64%) were deserted in the course of incubation, and 28 nests (40.58%) possessed hatched eggs. All the non-incubated nests had egg losses equivalent to 46.6 ± 12.6%. Hatchability success of incubated eggs was 41.9 ± 12.0%. Ostriches tended to dig their nests adjacent to the reserve enclosure which had direct access by road and track, the latter subjecting them to human disturbance and predation. The systematic obstruction of these nests stimulated ostriches to build additional nests within the reserve perimeter. The authors discussed the results recorded in an ostrich flock in relation to the environmental factors (climatic factors, food disponibility and predation) and suggested possibilities for improved wildlife management.