Feeding behavior of feedlot lambs fed diets containing levels of cassava wastewater

In this study, we evaluated the effects of including cassava wastewater in the diet on the feeding behavior of feedlot lambs in 35 male uncastrated Santa Inês × Dorper crossbred lambs at an approximate age of 3 months, with an average live weight of 20.0?±?3.4 kg. Diets were formulated with hay of cassava shoots (roughage) and a concentrate based on corn and soybean, with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 50:50, plus inclusion of cassava wastewater at the levels of 0, 12, 24, 36, or 48 g/kg of the total diet. Feeding behavior was evaluated between the 46th and 52nd days of the experiment. Increasing cassava wastewater levels in the diet reduced (P?<?0.05) the intakes (kg/day) of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber as well as the efficiency of rumination (g/cud and g/h) of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber. The other behavioral parameters were not affected by wastewater inclusion in the diet. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 48 g/kg of cassava wastewater on fresh matter of diets is not recommended for feedlot lambs.     

Prevalence and risk factors of mycobacterial infections in farm and trade cattle in southwestern Nigeria

We evaluated the prevalence of mycobacterial infections (i.e., Mycobacterium bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria [NTM]) and their associated risk factors among cattle herds and trade cattle in southwestern Nigeria. Through cross-sectional study design, cattle herds from three locations were screened using the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test based on two diagnostic standards; more than 4 mm (? 4 mm) and more than 2 mm (? 2 mm) cut-off points. Abattoir study involved screening trade cattle for tuberculous lesions. Overall, 515 cattle from 45 herds were screened. Using >?4 mm, animal level and herd prevalence of 11.7 and 46.7% were recorded, respectively. Applying the ? 2 mm cut-off, animal level and herd prevalence increased to 31.1 and 60.0%, respectively. Significantly, using the ? 2 mm cut-off, cattle in medium size herds/extensive management system (OR?=?1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.5) and Sokoto Gudali (OR?=?2.3; 95% CI 1.4–3.8) were more at risk of being positive reactors, while Rahaji (OR?=?0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.7) breeds of cattle and cows in the peri-urban area (OR?=?0.4; 95% CI 0.2–0.9) were less at risk of being positive reactors. Again, M. avium reactor of 21.7% was observed. In the abattoir, 1797 cattle were examined with 126 lesions suggestive of tuberculosis (TB). Culture/molecular analyses confirmed 2.2% M. bovis and 0.9% NTM infections. Risk factors associated with bovine TB among trade cattle were sex (OR?=?4.0; 95% CI 1.2–13.5) and age (OR?=?0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.9). We confirm 11.7% prevalence of mycobacterial infections among populations of cattle screened with breed and herd size being major risk factors.     

检疫犬基地建设与发展策略探讨

检疫犬应用技术作为一种特殊的检验检疫手段,目前已被30多个国家或地区应用于检验检疫领域。许多国家或地区已建有自己的国家级工作犬训练基地。近年来,由于出入境业务量的迅速增长,我国对检疫犬数量的需求逐年攀升,明确要建成2个国家级检疫犬繁殖训养中心。检疫犬基地作为培养检疫犬的重要场所,其基地面积、位置规划、人力资源、种犬储备、幼犬来源等的科学合理规划,对保证其可持续发展具有重要意义。检疫犬基地的可持续发展,需要准确定位功能需求,搞好种犬繁育,统筹储备人力资源,建设生态环保基地,挖掘和利用社会资源,以及拓展其它功能建设,从而做到行业引领。     

生产工艺对挤出型米粉品质的影响

以产品品质为出发点,主要介绍近年来有关挤出型米粉生产工艺方面的研究进展,总结分析了大米破碎方式、原料调质、挤出设备参数等方面,提出了现阶段米粉市场化过程中存在的不足及未来展望,以期为米粉产品的开发提供技术参考与理论支持,保障安全高质量的市场供给。     

连续时间系统单位冲激响应的直接确定

目的 避开用传统方法求解冲激响应时求解系统微分方程的初始条件问题,直接在时域中确定线性时不变连续时间系统的单位冲激响应.方法 将系统的转移算子H(P)按部分分式展开成一种标准形式,推导出系统的单位冲激响应.结果 求解线性时不变连续时间系统单位冲激响应,可在时域中直接确定,无须考虑初始条件.结论 这种方法与传统方法相比较,更简便而且易于掌握.     

基于模糊层次分析法的精品课程评估

目的 多方面综合评估精品课程.方法 层次分析法和模糊综合评判法相结合.结果 构建了精品课程综合评估指标体系,综合评估了某高校的高等数学课程.结论 充分利用了两种方法的优点,避免了定性评估的不足,取得了良好的评估效果.     

云南省6县退耕还林农户收益分析及增收对策的案例研究

采取抽样调查的方式,对云南省6个地(市)退耕农户进行调研,对农户的林业收入状况、在退耕地所经营的林业项目以及退耕面积与收益等3方面进行深入剖析,认为农户的林业收入有高型、中高型、中等型、偏低型以及低下型5种类型.对退耕还林发展林业过程中面临的主要问题和促进当地林业发展、增加农户收入的对策进行了探讨.     

马鞍山林场松墨天牛病原微生物种类调查鉴定及毒力测定研究

在马鞍山市马鞍山林场,对松材线虫病(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)的传媒昆虫松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus)的病原微生物进行调查,结果鉴定了8种真菌和1种细菌.对松墨天牛幼虫的致病率测定显示不同的微生物种类和同一种白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)的不同菌株均有显著差异.白僵菌的高毒力菌株营养生长无明显差异,而产孢量有明显差异.通过测定,白僵菌菌株226可能是优良菌株,对生物防治松黑天牛方面有潜在的实用价值.     

江西大岗山杉木凋落层土壤动物群落动态及多样性

为获得更接近自然状态下森林凋落层土壤动物群落,于2002年1月至12月,采用凋落袋法(网孔5、1、1/300 mm)对江西大岗山杉木纯林和混交林(杉木2:鹅掌楸1)凋落层土壤动物群落及其凋落叶分解过程中的动态变化进行研究.在168只凋落袋中,共采集到土壤动物4 321只,隶属3门11纲30目,其中大型土壤动物优势类群有膜翅目、后孔寡毛目、鞘翅目和双翅目;中小型土壤动物优势类群有弹尾目和蜱螨目.凋落层的土壤动物以杂食性、植食性和捕食性为主.土壤动物数量在两种林型的1-3月份数量均呈递增趋势,土壤动物类群在杉木纯林1-5月份以及杉木混交林4-7月份呈递增趋势,两种林型土壤动物类群数和个体数在α=0.05差别不显著,其个体数和类群数大小均为杉木混交林＞杉木纯林.在三种类型凋落袋中,土壤动物总类群数和个体总数均为网孔1＞5＞1/300.土壤动物多样性指数随时间推移,基本呈递增的趋势;优势度在纯林中呈递减的趋势.两种林型森林凋落物土壤动物群落异质性较高.后孔寡毛目在杉木混交林凋落物中集聚的时间最长,鞘翅目集聚的时间最短,分别为8.42和6.45个月;膜翅目在杉木纯林凋落物中集聚的时间最长,弹尾目集聚的时间最短,分别为9.90和7.91个月.     

不同种皮颜色秣食豆的农艺性状和营养价值评价

以黑龙江省牡丹江市共和乡采集的3种野生不同种皮颜色的秣食豆（Glycine max）为材料,以公农535秣食豆为对照,对其物候期、主要农艺性状、产草量、营养成分和种子产量进行了比较研究。采用灰色关联度分析法对14个主要观测指标进行综合分析,找出各自的特异性状,为新品种选育确定合理的选育方向和目标。结果表明：黑色秣食豆干草产量最高,达到了9997.28 kg·hm^-2,比褐色、黄色和公农535秣食豆分别提高37.47%,39.52%和11.83%,其粗蛋白含量达到18.08%,加权关联度为0.8152,均高于其他秣食豆材料,因此可作为高产、优质秣食豆新品种的育种新材料。褐色秣食豆粗蛋白含量最高,达到了20.50%,分别比黑色、黄色和公农535秣食豆提高13.38%,17.82%和26.62%,可作为高蛋白优质秣食豆品种的育种新材料。黄色秣食豆种子产量最高,达到了2512.53 kg·hm^-2,分别比黑色、褐色和公农535秣食豆提高9.16%,22.79%和11.78%,可作为提高秣食豆种子产量的育种新材料。