粳型水稻品种特征特性及高产栽培技术

通过多个粳型水稻品种与籼型品种的对比栽培试验,分析其生物学特性,表明粳型品种分蘖力弱,有效穗少,但穗粒数多,茎秆粗壮,抗倒。粳型品种高产栽培策略是合理密植,创建最优群体结构,增加有效穗,提高结实率,及时预防稻曲病。     

政和县糯玉米新品种(系)比较试验

对引进的11个糯玉米新品种(系)进行比较试验,结果表明:京科糯2000综合性状表现好,具有产量高、抗性好等特点,适宜在政和县推广种植。总结了表现较好玉米品种的产量表现及主要农艺性状。     

冬播麦区Glu-1和Glu-3位点变异及1B/1R易位与小麦加工品质性状的关系

 贮藏蛋白组成是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素。本文调查了我国冬播麦区251份主栽品种和高代品系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）和1B/1R易位的分布状况，研究了它们与加工品质性状的关系。结果表明，品质较差的HMW-GS N、7+9、2+12和LMW-GS Glu-A3a与Glu-B3j（1B/1R易位）在冬播麦区分布较广，频率分别为39.4%、45.0%、59.8%、37.1%和44.6%。HMW-GS和LMW-GS等位变异对籽粒蛋白质含量影响较小，对SDS沉降值、和面时间与耐揉性的加性和互作效应达1%的显著水平。按位点对加工品质性状的贡献大小，Glu-D1>Glu-B3>Glu-B1>Glu-A3>Glu-A1；就单个亚基而言，Glu-A1位点，1>2*>N；Glu-B1位点，7+8>14+15>7+9；Glu-D1位点，5+10>4+12>2+12；Glu-A3位点，Glu-A3d>Glu-A3a>Glu-A3c>Glu-A3e，Glu-B3位点； Glu-B3d>Glu-B3b>Glu-B3f >Glu-B3j。1B/1R易位对SDS沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性等加工品质性状有显著负面效应。通过选择优质高低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基和淘汰1B/1R易位系，将有助于提高我国小麦的面筋质量。     

葡萄糖酸亚铁固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺研究

[目的]探索葡萄糖酸亚铁固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法。[方法]采用两步W/O/W乳化方式制备葡萄糖酸亚铁固体脂质纳米粒(SLN)。以包埋率为指标,研究内外相、油水相体积比,卵磷脂浓度对SLN包埋率的影响。[结果]试验确定当内相中水相与油相的体积比为0.2,外水相与内相乳状液的体积比为5∶1,卵磷脂浓度为5%时,SLN的包埋率取得最大值,为52.48%。在内水相引入海藻酸钠(1∶2,W/W)的结果表明,SLN的包埋率增大,为59.03%,粒径、Zeta电位和多分散系数发生变化。体外释放试验表明,SLN能起到保护葡萄糖酸亚铁经受胃酸环境的作用,并在模拟肠液中表现为突释的释放效果。[结论]固体脂质纳米粒对葡萄糖酸亚铁有较好的保护及释放效果,可为无机铁补充剂的生产提供新的技术手段。     

Procollagen type-III aminoterminal peptide in serum and synovial fluid of dogs with hip dysplasia and coxarthrosis

Hip dysplasia is an affection of the coxofemoral joint that progresses until stabilization is caused by fibrosis and osteoarthritic changes. This stabilization process can be examined by clinical and radiographic methods. The capability of evaluating the procollagen concentrations in liquids, such as serum and synovial fluid, has further offered the basis for an objective biochemical evaluation of the stabilization process. Our study was performed to evaluate whether determination of procollagen concentrations was suitable for the use in practice. The procollagen type-III aminoterminal peptide (P-III-NP) concentration was measured in serum and in synovial fluid from coxofemoral joints in 20 dogs. Dogs were grouped on the basis of evidence of dysplasia and osteoarthritic changes of the hip: (1) a control group of 6 dogs without clinical or radiographic signs of hip dysplasia, and (2) dysplastic group of 14 dogs, which was further grouped with respect to the coxofemoral joint laxity, as determined by the Ortolani test. Synovial fluid concentration of P-III-NP was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in fluid from dysplastic joints than in fluid from normal joints. Serum concentrations of P-III-NP were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in dogs in which results of the Ortolani test were positive.     

Plasma glucocorticoid concentrations in calves as an indicator of stress during parturition

Plasma glucocorticoid concentrations and blood gas values were determined for 6 days in 47 newborn calves that had been subjected to various obstetrical procedures at term. Concentrations of glucocorticoids were uniformly high at birth (70 to 103 ng/ml). Increasing degrees of acidosis were accompanied by increasing glucocorticoid concentrations in plasma. Plasma glucocorticoid concentrations decreased sharply during the first 6 hours after delivery and reached a plateau at 48 hours after birth (14 to 21 ng/ml). The latter was taken as an indication that adaptation had been achieved. Calves subjected to severe pulling had higher glucocorticoid concentrations at birth (110.4 ng/ml) than calves requiring no assistance (88.3 ng/ml), calves requiring only slight assistance (83.8 ng/ml), or calves that had been delivered by cesarean section (82.9 ng/ml).     

The vitamin A requirement and the vitamin A status of growing cattle. 1. Studies of calves

Five experiments with 18 to 36 male calves each of the black and white dairy cattle breed (age: 14-21 days, initial live weight: approximately 45 kg per animal) were carried out in order to investigate the influence of various vitamin A supply (0-80,000 IU per 100 kg LW and day) on dry matter intake and weight gain as well as the vitamin A status of liver and blood plasma over 84 days. The calves consumed a diet free of carotene and vitamin A consisting of milk replacer, concentrate and chopped wheat straw. The calves were fed in three experiments for a longer time in order to observe the further vitamin A depletion. Nine animals consumed an unsupplemented ration, nine other one got 10,000 IU vitamin A per 100 kg LW and day. Biopsies of liver and plasma samples were taken from 4 animals per group every four weeks. The various vitamin A supplementation did not significantly influence the dry matter intake (Mean: 1.67; 1.48 to 1.80 kg DM per animal and day) and the weight gain of calves (Mean: 702, 599 to 770 g per animal and day). First vitamin A deficiency symptoms (reduced feed intake, decreased weight gain, diarrhoea etc.) were observed in animals of unsupplemented group after 100 days of experiments. After 84 days the vitamin A concentration of liver of animals of unsupplemented groups decreased to 1.3-32.2% compared with the begin of experiments (60.6-155.7 mumol/kg fresh matter). Up to 51% of initial concentration were found when 10,000 IU vitamin A per 100 kg LW and day were fed. About 25,000 IU vitamin A per 100 kg LW and day were required in order to keep the initial level of vitamin A concentration of liver. The plasma vitamin A concentration is unsuitable for estimation of vitamin A status of calves. The concentration of vitamin A of liver and plasma amounted to 114 mumol per kg and 0.25 mumol per litre at the begin of experiments. The vitamin A concentration of liver of unsupplemented group decreased to 20 mumol per kg, that of plasma increased to 0.28 mumol per 1 at the end. A strong vitamin A deficiency (liver concentration: less than 10 mumol/kg) may cause a decrease of vitamin A concentration of blood.     

The evaluation of fertility characteristics in hens using fluorescence microscopy

A method for the assessment of fertility in domestic hens is described. Vitelline membranes of fertilized eggs were coloured with fluorochrome DAPI, following which the DNA of sperms on these membranes has been examined with the help of fluorescence microscopy. After insemination with frozen semen there exist significant correlations between the number of sperms on the vitelline membranes on the one hand and 1) fertilization rates; 2) the length of fertile periods. Furthermore, it was observed that with higher numbers of sperms on the membranes, the length of the fertile periods tends to be shorter than with smaller numbers of sperm.     

甜菜碱对热应激肉鸡生长性能、十二指肠消化酶活性及盲肠微生物区系的影响

本试验通过在饲粮中添加不同剂量的甜菜碱研究其对热应激肉鸡生长性能、十二指肠消化酶活性及盲肠微生物区系的影响。选取270只14日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡随机分成6组:常温组、热应激组,常温+0.1%甜菜碱组、热应激+0.1%甜菜碱组、热应激+0.2%甜菜碱、热应激+0.4%甜菜碱组。热应激肉鸡饲养在(32±1)℃的高温环境中。每组3个重复,每个重复15只。预试期7 d,正试期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加甜菜碱可极显著增加28~42日龄热应激肉鸡的体重(P<0.01),极显著降低22~35日龄肉鸡料重比(P<0.01);2)除添加0.1%和0.2%甜菜碱饲粮对28日龄热应激肉鸡胰蛋白酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05)和添加0.1%甜菜碱对35日龄热应激肉鸡淀粉酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05)外,不同浓度的甜菜碱均能显著或极显著增加28、35、42日龄热应激肉鸡十二指肠胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶活性(P<0.05或P<0.01);3)饲粮添加甜菜碱极显著提高了28、35、42日龄热应激肉鸡盲肠内乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.01),极显著降低了产气荚膜梭菌的数量(P<0.01)。由此可见,热应激状态下,在基础饲粮中添加甜菜碱可改善AA肉鸡生长性能,提高十二指肠消化酶的活性,维持盲肠内微生物区系平衡,从而减轻热应激对肉鸡的危害。     

盘江黄牛及其杂交牛育肥中干物质、粗蛋白、综合净能需要研究

将３６ 头盘江黄牛及其杂交牛分成１２ 组,采用不同的日粮,进行两期育肥试验,得到不同的增重水平和实际营养物质摄入量。用各组实际采食的干物质（ ＤＭ） 、粗蛋白（ＣＰ） 、综合净能（ＮＥｍｆ） 与我国试行的《肉牛饲养标准》进行比较。结果表明,除干物质与标准相差较多（ － ６ ．３ ％ ） 外,粗蛋白和综合净能与标准相当接近（ 仅相差－ １ ．５ ％ 和２ ．８ ％ ） ,说明盘江黄牛及其杂交牛在育肥中的营养需要基本与标准相符,在配制日粮时,可以参考我国的《肉牛饲养标准》。