Enzymatic treatment on cotton fibers: degradation kinetics of pectin and influence of shape change on adsorption

Alkaline pectinase was one of the most effective enzymes to treat cotton as alternative agent to replace the conventional alkaline method. Removal of pectin and cutin was considered the explanation for improvement of wettability as well as water adsorption on cotton fiber. However, degradation kinetics of pectin is unclear, and the influence of fiber shape on property changes after enzymatic treatment was ignored. The main objective of this work was to reveal interactions between pectinase and cotton fiber for mechanism study. A heterogeneous catalysis kinetic equation, which is associated with Langmuir adsorption model and enzyme deactivation, was used to describe the heterogeneous catalysis. The enzymatic process conditions were optimized. Raw cotton fibers, pectinase-treated and alkali-treated fibers were characterized by impurities content determination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanism of water adsorption enhancement on treated fibers was discussed. In addition to elimination of the outer impurities, flat fibers with less twist and shape changes of lumen were also obtained to ensure better accessibility and water adsorption after enzymatic treatment.     

早中熟优质辣椒新品种‘粤研1号’

‘粤研1号’辣椒是早中熟优质杂交一代新品种,青果绿色,熟果大红色,果实长羊角形,果面微皱,有光泽。果长17.7 cm,果宽3.2 cm,肉厚0.32 cm,单果质量54.7 g,心室2 ~ 3,微辣。商品性好,耐贮运,品质佳。田间表现高抗病毒病、炭疽病、疫病、青枯病。适合在华南地区、江苏、河南、黑龙江等地露地栽培。     

日粮纤维对单胃动物胃肠道微生物区系的影响

关于单胃动物对纤维饲料资源利用的研究已日益引起人们的关注,文中对粗纤维的定义及消化吸收特点进行了介绍,并综述了日粮纤维对鹅、兔及猪等单胃动物胃肠道微生物区系的影响。     

猪粪堆制过程中铅、镉、铜、锌的变化

对猪粪在高温好氧堆制过程中铅、镉、铜、锌全量以及相对含量随时间的变化进行了深入研究.结果表明:猪粪中铅、镉、铜、锌总浓度随着堆腐时间的延长呈不断增加趋势;铅、镉、铜、锌的相对含量呈现先增加后下降的趋势;堆腐温度和pH是影响DTPA-Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的相对含量变化的主要因素.     

The dynamics of bacterial community in a polyculture aquaculture system of Penaeus chinensis,Rhopilema esculenta and Sinonovacula constricta

Polyculture with Chinese shrimp Penaeus chinensis, jellyfish Rhopilema esculenta and razor clam Sinonovacula constricta (S.J.R) is a common aquaculture system in Dandong, China. Investigation on the composition and function of microbial communities and their relationship with environmental factors in aquaculture systems have crucial implications. Therefore, the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was applied to profile the bacterial community composition of water and sediment in S.J.R polyculture system in the present study. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in S.J.R polyculture ponds following with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in water; in contrast, more diverse phyla were detected in sediments. Water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were determined the bacterial community composition in the S.J.R polyculture systems. Specially, Planktomarina, PS1 clade, Candidatus Aquiluna and Fibrobacteres, which can resist the phytoplankton blooms or degrade the cellulose, were more abundant in water at the early stage of cultivation in the S.J.R polyculture system. Moreover, the functions of bacterial communities in water were mainly associated with cell communication mediated, while the functions related to basal metabolism were enriched in sediments. The findings of this study allowed us to better understand the bacterial community in the S.J.R polyculture system and accumulated data for the improvement of cultural management.     

紫薇幼胚培养及植株再生初探

[目的]对紫薇幼胚培养进行尝试性研究,探讨其适宜的生长分化条件。[方法]以紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)幼胚为外植体,诱导其萌发并建立无菌系。在此基础上探讨了不同激素水平和培养方式对紫薇幼胚培养的影响。[结果]紫薇幼胚去种皮后易于萌发,其萌发率可达100%;启动培养基为MS+BA0.5+NAA0.5+sucrose3.0%+agar0.7%;丛生芽诱导培养基为MS+BA0.5+NAA0.1+sucrose3.0%+agar0.7%+椰乳10%;生根培养基为MS+BA0.5+IBA0.1+sucrose3.0%+agar0.7%+椰乳10%。[结论]该研究可为紫薇的后续优化育种提供技术参考。     

山东百部离体快繁技术的研究

以山东百部(Stemona Shandongensis D.K.Zang)茎段为外植体,进行离体快繁技术的研究。实验结果表明:启动培养基为MS+6-BA 5.0mg.L-1+NAA0.1mg.L-1+糖30g.L-1+琼脂6.5g.L-1;分化培养基为MS+6-BA 4.0mg.L-1+NAA0.05mg.L-1+糖30g.L-1+琼脂6.5g.L-1;生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.1mg.L-1+糖30g.L-1+琼脂6.5g.L-1,通过正交试验也证明了实验结果。     

基于太赫兹衰减全反射技术的花生霉变程度判别

为了能够可靠、快速、便捷地检测花生仁不同程度的霉变,研究了一种基于太赫兹时域光谱技术、分别结合误差反向传播(Back propagation,BP)神经网络算法与支持向量机算法(Support vector machine,SVM)的霉变花生定性分析方法。为排除不同样本带来的偶然性,实验随机采集花育36号、鲁花9号两个花生品种进行霉变培养。依据花生的感官特征与前人的研究经验,将花生分为正常、轻度霉变、中度霉变与严重霉变4类,采用太赫兹衰减全反射技术采集花生仁样本光谱(波段0. 3～3. 6 THz)。利用傅里叶变换方法对时域光谱信号进行频域变换并进行加窗处理,然后对所得频域信号进行光学常数吸光度与吸收系数的提取,得到样本的光学常数信号,并进行特征波段筛选。在此基础上分别建立BP神经网络定性分析模型与SVM定性分析模型。实验表明,BP神经网络模型对花育36号花生霉变模型的预测集识别正确率为88. 57%,对鲁花9号花生霉变模型的预测集识别正确率为91. 40%;Lib-SVM模型对两个品种花生霉变的二分类模型、3类霉变花生的三分类模型的预测集识别正确率均为100%。应用太赫兹时域光谱技术结合SVM算法检测霉变花生仁效果良好,具有一定的可行性。     

姑婆山国家森林公园景观格局变化分析

根据姑婆山国家森林公园1999年和2009年森林调查资料,在ArcGIS和Fragstas 3.3的支持下对姑婆山国家森林公园景观格局动态变化进行研究。结果表明：研究期间,研究区主要景观类型没有变化,阔叶树、灌木林、杉木林3种主要景观类型面积占总面积的比例由80.44%提高到94.51%;景观基质均为阔叶林,占总面积比例由63.63%提高到75.82%;总斑块数量由301块下降到174块;平均形状指数呈下降趋势;多样指数由1.233下降到0.862;优势度指数则由0.846升高至1.217。总体表现为针叶林向针阔混交林,进而向阔叶林演替,景观趋向连续和稳定。