基于农田温室的自动种苗装置

在现代的农业生产中,存在人工生产效率低,在当下农村劳动力逐渐减少的现象下,人 工成本不断上升,这种完全依靠人力的生产方式急需解决。而种苗的过程又是相当耗时耗力的 一个种植环节。把原本完全依赖人工种植的方式改为机器自动种植,在这个人工成本不断上升 且对生产效率要求越来越高的社会,很大程度上释放了农村劳动力,提高了生产效率,把农业生 产推向更高的机械自动化。     

论森工国有资产经营公司的建立和运作

从森工国有资产产权代表缺位,归属模糊,投资效益、运营效率等方面剖析了国有资产管理上的问题。提出了森工国有资产分层次管理的管理方式,从理论和实践上阐述了森工国有资产经营公司的建立及相应的职责范围,资产经营收益分配,并对经营公司的运作做了简要的陈述。     

中国兴安,长白落叶松遗传育种研究进展

经过“六五”至“八五”科技攻关，落叶松的林木改良工作取得了很大进展；（１）利用苹果酸脱氢酶，谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶和酯酶对长白落叶松的１４个小群体进行了分析，表明长白落叶松天然群体不仅遗传变异水平较高，而且仍处于哈代－温伯格平衡状态；（２）在落叶松生长性状地理变异规律，最佳种源选择，种源区划等方面取得很多成果；（３）对开花生物学特性及提高种子园种子产量和遗传品质方法做子大量研究；（４）提出了营建１．     

双重PCR检测马铃薯晚疫病和环腐病方法的建立

通过克隆马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌转录间隔区(ITS)序列,并对测序结果进行同源性比较,选取差异位点分别设计了两对引物P.IN1/P.IN2和C.IN1/C.IN2,并检测了引物的特异性及方法的灵敏度。引物P.IN1/P.IN2可扩增出1条363bp马铃薯晚疫病菌的特异性条带,在DNA水平上其灵敏度达18fg/μL;引物C.IN1/C.IN2可扩增出1条218bp马铃薯环腐病菌的特异性条带,在细菌数上检测灵敏度为104 cfu/mL。混合这两对引物构建双重PCR反应体系,能从马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌的混合DNA及感染这两种菌的马铃薯植株中同时扩增到363bp和218bp的特异片段。实现了同时对马铃薯晚疫病菌和环腐病菌的快速可靠检测。     

江门市东湖公园北园区绿化景观设计

江门市东湖公园北园区是东湖公园的新扩区，在绿化景观设计上，突出自身特点，营造自然、鲜明的绿化景观，并与其它园区相协调和互相衔接，构建了优美的城市景观。     

山西省冬小麦生产潜力时空分布与气象因子分析

估算一定区域内作物生产潜力,对于明确该区域作物生产力及其限制因子具有重要意义。采用农业生态区域法和生产潜力递减机制法估算山西省冬小麦生产潜力,并解析其与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明,2004-2013年山西省冬小麦平均光合、光温、气候和土地生产潜力分别介于63.63~74.81、10.86~12.97、3.68~5.65和2.71~4.73t/hm ²。山西冬小麦生产潜力分布特征为南部普遍低于中部地区,中部盆地地区普遍低于东西部高海拔地区。与2004-2008年相比,2009-2013年晋中西部地区和吕梁冬小麦光合和光温生产潜力有所增加,而晋中东部和长治东部的冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力有所降低。限制冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力的主要气象因子是生育期降水量和日平均温度。     

Consequences of a large-scale fragmentation experiment for Neotropical bats: disentangling the relative importance of local and landscape-scale effects

Context

Habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation are widespread drivers of biodiversity decline. Understanding how habitat quality interacts with landscape context, and how they jointly affect species in human-modified landscapes, is of great importance for informing conservation and management.

Objectives

We used a whole-ecosystem manipulation experiment in the Brazilian Amazon to investigate the relative roles of local and landscape attributes in affecting bat assemblages at an interior-edge-matrix disturbance gradient.

Methods

We surveyed bats in 39 sites, comprising continuous forest (CF), fragments, forest edges and intervening secondary regrowth. For each site, we assessed vegetation structure (local-scale variable) and, for five focal scales, quantified habitat amount and four landscape configuration metrics.

Results

Smaller fragments, edges and regrowth sites had fewer species and higher levels of dominance than CF. Regardless of the landscape scale analysed, species richness and evenness were mostly related to the amount of forest cover. Vegetation structure and configurational metrics were important predictors of abundance, whereby the magnitude and direction of response to configurational metrics were scale-dependent. Responses were ensemble-specific with local-scale vegetation structure being more important for frugivorous than for gleaning animalivorous bats.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that scale-sensitive measures of landscape structure are needed for a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of fragmentation on tropical biota. Although forest fragments and regrowth habitats can be of conservation significance for tropical bats our results further emphasize that primary forest is of irreplaceable value, underlining that their conservation can only be achieved by the preservation of large expanses of pristine habitat.

     

重庆市玉米杂交育种的思考

概述了重庆市自直辖以来玉米杂交育种取得重大进展的主要经验与体会:人才培养与材料创制是基础;项目支持与条件建设是保障;合适的育种目标和策略是方向;开展配套技术研究与新品种示范是措施;加速成果转化是事业继续发展的动力。     

四氟醚唑对黄瓜的安全性及其对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果

为明确四氟醚唑对黄瓜植株的安全性,采用浸种及茎叶喷雾处理的方法测定其对不同生长时期黄瓜植株的影响,采用子叶保湿培养法测定白粉病菌对其敏感性,并在田间进行防治白粉病的药效试验,综合评价了四氟醚唑对黄瓜白粉病的效果。浸种处理后,黄瓜子叶上白粉病发病率明显降低,对黄瓜株高和根长的抑制率、茎周增长率及叶绿素含量增加率与己唑醇相比均较低;发芽期及幼苗期的黄瓜植株使用四氟醚唑处理,新生节间均出现轻微的抑制伸长现象;4％四氟醚唑水乳剂对黄瓜白粉病菌的EC50为0．8146mg／L,敏感毒力高于50％醚菌酯水分散粒剂;田间间隔期10天喷雾,在末次药后7天对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果为76．02％～85．77％,与5％己唑醇水乳剂防效相当,明显高于50％醚菌酯水分散粒剂的防效。表明四氟醚唑对黄瓜生长安全且用药间隔期长,是防治白粉病的高效轮换药剂。     

Comparison of larval thermal maxima between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fundulus heteroclitus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">F. grandis</Emphasis>

Fundulus heteroclitus and F. grandis are resident salt marsh fishes that overlap in distribution over a narrow range in northeastern Florida. The objective of the present study was to examine whether the limits of the species’ ranges could be explained by differences in thermal tolerance. Two populations of each species were collected and then spawned in the laboratory, and 9-day-old larvae were used for critical thermal maxima trials. Mean LOE temperatures of larvae ranged from 43.04 to 43.65°C and showed little difference between species. Therefore, differences in high temperatures experienced cannot account for the differences of the distributions of the two species. Condition-specific competition may play a greater role in determining the observed range of the two species.