Effects of concentrate‐to‐forage ratios and 2‐methylbutyrate supplementation on ruminal fermentation,bacteria abundance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Chinese Simmental steers

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate levels and 2‐methylbutyrate (2MB ) supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, bacteria abundance, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD ) in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers (12 months of age; 389 ± 3.7 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate‐concentrate (400 g/kg diet [MC ]) or high‐concentrate (600 g/kg diet [HC ]) diets were fed with or without 2MB (0 g/day [2MB ?] or 15.0 g/day [2MB +]). Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased, but feed conversion ratio decreased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Ruminal pH decreased, but total volatile fatty acid increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Molar proportion of acetate and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Propionate molar proportion and ruminal NH ₃‐N content increased with the HC diet, but decreased with 2MB supplementation. Neutral detergent fibre degradability decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Crude protein degradability increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Abundance of Ruminococcus albus , Ruminococcus flavefaciens , Fibrobacter succinogenes and Bufyrivibrio fibrisolvens as well as activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase and pectinase decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. However, abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus as well as activities of α‐amylase and protease increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Total PD excretion also increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. The results suggested that growth performance, ruminal fermentation, CP degradability and total PD excretion increased with increasing dietary concentrate level from 40% to 60% or 2MB supplementation. The observed diet × 2MB interaction indicated that supplementation of 2MB was more efficacious for improving growth performance, ruminal fermentation and total PD excretion with promoted ruminal bacteria abundance and enzyme activity in the MC diet than in the HC diet.     

Effect of bovine seminal plasma on bovine endometrial epithelial cells in culture

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of seminal plasma (SP) from bulls of known fertility on bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEEC) in culture. The bEEC from passage 5, approximately 5.0–13 × 10⁵ cells per flask, were challenged with SP from bulls of high or low fertility (n = 3 and 2, respectively) or PBS (control), at 1% (75 μl) or 4% (300 μl) and were incubated for 72 hr (n = 13 per challenge). Total cell number and viability of bEEC after challenge with 1% SP from either high‐ or low‐fertility bulls (75H or 75L, respectively) did not differ from controls. In contrast, challenge with 4% of SP from high‐ or low‐fertility bulls (300H or 300L) negatively affected bEEC cell number and viability. Challenge with 300 L had a greater adverse effect than 300H. These results suggest that the negative effect of bovine SP on bEEC is both dose‐dependent and fertility‐dependent.     

磷镁促释基质养分释放特性及种植效果

选用4种促释材料(W、Y、QW、FS)对磷矿粉、轻烧氧化镁混合物进行活化处理,配制促释材料含量分别为3%、5%的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型促释磷镁草花基质,通过淋溶试验、盆栽试验研究水溶性磷、镁素释放特性以及对夏堇(Torenia fournieri)、本地长春花(Catharanthus roseus)生长及开花的影响。结果显示,促释材料W、Y、QW、FS对磷矿粉均表现出良好的促释效果,磷镁促释基质水溶性磷淋溶总量较不添加促释磷镁显著增加了15.42%~27.10%(P0.05);添加4种促释材料对水溶性镁总量释放效果均不显著(P0.05)。促释磷镁W-Ⅰ不仅增加了夏堇开花数量,同时对本地长春花的冠幅增长、分枝以及地上部生物量积累有促进作用;FS-Ⅱ则有利于夏堇地上部生物量的积累;Y-Ⅰ则对夏堇、本地长春花生长无促进作用。综合考虑,草花基质添加促释磷镁W-Ⅰ、FS-Ⅱ应用效果最好,其最适添加比例分别为3.09、3.16 kg·m-3。     

三江源区高寒草原土壤湿度变化特征及与气候因子的关系

利用青海省三江源区兴海县牧业气象站1999-2016年高寒草原土壤湿度、牧草生育期资料,分析了高寒草原土壤湿度的年、季变化特征以及牧草生长季不同生育期土壤湿度的变化特征及与气候因子的关系。结果表明:高寒草原0-10、10-20、20-30、30-40和40-50 cm土壤湿度均随年际延长呈增加趋势,春季除40-50 cm土层外,其他各层土壤湿度均随年际延长呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05)。高寒草原牧草生长季的土壤相对湿度随年际延长呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),且与生长季降水量之间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。随着气候变化,牧草抽穗、开花、成熟和枯黄期的土壤相对湿度随年际延长呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05)。牧草抽穗期、枯黄和全生育期的土壤湿度与气温呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。高寒草原牧草生长季土壤湿度的增加有利于草地植被生长。     

乙烯利对干旱胁迫下草地早熟禾生理指标的影响

以草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)‘Nuglade'品种为试验材料,研究叶片喷施乙烯利对草地早熟禾在水分充足、干旱及复水恢复3种处理下叶片电解质渗透率、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)等生理指标的影响。结果表明,乙烯利与对照组(CK)相比,乙烯利在干旱胁迫下保持更高的叶片相对含水量23.5%(对照为11.5%)和更低的电解质渗透率68.1%(对照为90.7%)及MDA含量53.90μmol·g~(-1)(对照检查131.62μmol·g~(-1)),且复水后的电解质渗透率恢复程度更好;此外乙烯利处理提高了复水恢复过程草地早熟禾的可溶性蛋白含量;说明,叶片喷施乙烯利能够缓解草地早熟禾的干旱胁迫损伤,并促进干旱后的复水恢复。     

Impact of cold-season grazing and supplementary feeding on rumen metabolic parameters and micro-organisms in the ewes of Gansu Alpine Fine Wool Sheep北大核心CSCD

An experiment was conducted to scientifically identify the appropriate feed for Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes in order to change the animals' breeding mode, which currently can only be mated at the age of 2.5 years due to insufficient nutritional supply. The experiment selected 48 12-month-old ewes and randomly divided them into group a (Diet 1), group b (Diet 2), group c (Diet 3), and a control group with no supplementary feeding. The feed test was run for 90 days. The rumen pH of groups a and b were very significantly higher (P<0.01) or group c significantly lower (P<0.05) than control group. The rumen ammonia nitrogen, protein nitrogen and total nitrogen of groups a, b and c were all higher than control group (P<0.01). The total volatile fatty acids of group a and b were all higher than the control group (P<0.01), group b significantly higher than group c (P<0.05). The molar ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group a was very significantly higher than control group (P<0.01), group b and c were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). The molar ratio of butyric acid in group a was very significantly higher than group c (P<0.01). The ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group b was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). The number of several rumen fiber-degrading bacteria and protozoa in groups a, b and c were very significantly (P<0.01) or significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementary feeding can positively affect the rumen metabolic parameters and the number of several rumen microorganisms in Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes. In general, the effects of Diet 1 were the strongest, while Diet 2 also produced notable improvements. © 2018, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

对一起饲料产品检验不合格案的思考

在饲料执法抽检中,云南省德宏州动物卫生监督所发现某店经营的饲料产品成份与标签标示不一致,由此开展立案调查,并依法进行惩处。通过剖析案件,认为该类监督执法案件要注重采样符合程序,样品检测机构资质健全且检验报告合法,保护当事人的合法权益。同时也建议饲料经营户要合规经营,明确合同保障,积极配合监管等。     

云贵川三省部分地区警犬狂犬病血清中和抗体调查

为评价警犬的狂犬病免疫效果,了解影响免疫效果的因素,2017年在云南、贵州、四川三省部分地区免疫狂犬病疫苗的警犬中随机抽样,采用荧光抗体病毒中和试验(FAVN),检测血清中狂犬病病毒中和抗体效价。结果显示,共抽检187只警犬,中和抗体阳性127只(≥0.50 IU/m L),总体免疫合格率为67.91%,其中云南、贵州、四川3省的免疫合格率分别为57.14%、68.33%、76.06%。结果分析表明,警犬狂犬病免疫合格率与犬的年龄、免疫次数、疫苗类型等因素有关,而与性别和品种无关。建议完善警犬免疫程序,加大血清中和抗体监测力度,对不合格警犬及时加强免疫;对每个影响因素进行连续性分析,以确定影响警犬狂犬病免疫合格率的具体因素。     

羊种布鲁氏菌疫苗株PCR-RFLP鉴定方法的建立

为建立一种羊种布鲁氏菌Rev.1疫苗株PCR-RFLP鉴定方法,利用羊种布鲁氏菌Rev.1具有链霉素抗性的特性,选取与链霉素抗性相关编码核糖体蛋白S12的rps L基因为模板设计引物,经PCR扩增后,将产物进行Nci I酶切,发现羊种布鲁氏菌疫苗株Rev.1出现约500 bp条带,而不具有链霉素抗性的羊种布鲁氏菌株16M则出现384 bp条带。结果表明,PCR-RFLP方法能够用于羊种布鲁氏菌Rev.1疫苗株的鉴定,这为今后区分羊种布鲁氏菌疫苗株Rev.1免疫与野株感染提供了基础。