中华绒螯蟹RXR基因全长cDNA克隆及表达分析

维甲类X受体(retinoid X receptor,RXR),属于核受体超家族(nuclear receptor super family)成员,是一种重要的调控因子,对甲壳动物生长发育和繁殖具有十分重要的作用。本研究根据陆地蟹 RXR基因保守区序列设计上下游引物,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)以及cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)RXR基因并进行各组织间的表达分析。序列分析表明中华绒螯蟹RXR cDNA全长1517bp,编码433个氨基酸。经BLASTn和BLASTx分析表明,中华绒螯蟹RXR氨基酸序列与陆地蟹RXR基因的氨基酸序列相似性最高,为96%。系统进化树分析显示,中华绒螯蟹RXR的氨基酸序列与陆地蟹RXR聚为一支。荧光定量PCR结果显示,RXR在所有检测的组织中均有表达,且在中华绒螯蟹Y器官中表达量最高,肝胰腺、鳃和肌肉中有少量表达,心脏、胃、肠、胸神经节和脑神经节中微量表达。在中华绒螯蟹不同蜕皮时期中,Y器官中RXR表达量在D期最高,与AB期、C期呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）;肌肉中RXR在AB期表达量最高,与其他蜕皮时期呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）;肝胰腺和鳃中RXR在AB期表达量最高,E期表达量最低,但各蜕皮时期表达量之间差异不显著。     

赤潮异弯藻对鳀鱼早期发育的影响

就赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)藻液及各组分对鳀鱼(Engraulis ja ponicus)早期发育阶段的影响进行了研究。并就鳃鱼早期发育过程中对赤潮异弯藻的敏感性时期作了探讨。实验结果表明,原肠期前的发育卵和初孵仔鱼对赤潮异弯藻较其他发育阶段更为敏感。在同等条件下藻细胞内容物对鳃鱼早期发育各阶段的毒性最大,其次是藻细胞碎片和藻液,去藻过滤液的毒性最小。暴露在高浓度90000c／ml藻细胞内容物中,96h后仔鱼的存活率为4％;而在同浓度的去藻过滤液中,96h后仔鱼的存活率为75％。藻细胞内容物和藻细胞碎片对鳃鱼仔鱼96hI。C∞分别为2818、6760c／mL．     

Rapid seedlings regeneration from seeds and vegetative propagation with sucker and rhizome of Eremospatha macrocarpa (Mann & Wendl.) Wendl and Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze

To develop efficient seedling production methods for Laccosperma secundiflorum and Eremospatha macrocarpa, a study was conducted to examine regeneration using offsets combined with several physical and chemical treatments of seeds. Offsets categorized into small, medium and large diameters, were planted in three conditions: shaded and open nursery, and greenhouse. We tested sucker from E. macrocarpa, and sucker and rhizome from L. secundiflorum. For both species, high viability percentage (ranging from 55% to 100%) were observed for small and medium suckers planted in shaded nursery and greenhouse, against less than 49% for sucker planted in open nursery. The mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 84, 77 and 75 days after planting (DAP) for small, medium and large sucker of L. secundiflorum, respectively under open nursery condition, and 76, 75, 95 DAP for small, medium and large suckers of the same species, respectively in shaded condition. Greenhouse has a significant positive effect on E. macrocarpa seedlings emergence time. For this species, the mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 43 DAP for small sucker and 76, 93 DAP for medium and large suckers. No seedling was obtained from rhizome planted in all the growing conditions tested. Concerning seed dormancy breaking, germination percentages and rates were determined for 13 treatments. The best treatments were pre-soaking unscarified seeds for 4 days in 1.01 g l⁻¹ and 0.10 g l⁻¹ KNO₃, with 79% and 68% of germination, respectively and in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ GA₃ for 68% of germination. These methods are suggested to improve germination of L. secundiflorum seeds. Successful and recommended methods for E. macrocarpa are pre-soaking scarified seeds in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ and 3.46 × 10⁻⁴ g l⁻¹ GA₃, 96% and 94% of germination, respectively. Dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy, is present in the two species.     

新型保鲜剂处理茂谷柑采后的常温保藏研究

利用不同浓度的新型保鲜剂蔗糖基聚合物和施保克对采后茂谷柑进行涂膜处理后进行常温贮藏,对几项主要生理指标进行检测.结果表明:蔗糖基聚合物涂膜可以减缓Vc、可溶性固形物(TSS)、总糖和可滴定酸等营养物质的损耗,保持较高的糖酸比和固酸比,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量和淀粉酶活性.在延缓果实组织的衰老,延长贮藏寿命方面有较好的效果.施保克也有较好的保鲜效果.     

不同基质及生根剂浓度对五种园林植物扦插生根的影响

以5种园林植物为材料,进行不同基质与不同生根剂浓度对植物扦插生根的比较研究.结果表明:月季、大叶黄杨最适宜的基质是河沙,小叶女贞、八角金盘最适宜的基质是珍珠岩,鹅掌柴最适宜的基质是混合基质.月季、大叶黄杨最合适的生根剂浓度为3 000 mg/kg,小叶女贞最合适的生根剂浓度为5000mg/kg,八角金盘、鹅掌柴最合适的生根剂浓度为1000mg/kg.     

不同结构免耕开沟器对土壤阻力的影响

在免耕播种过程中,免耕开沟器的结构形状能够影响前进阻力,从而影响拖拉机的动力消耗,因此制作了不同入土角、不同入土隙角以及不同侧翼的开沟器,并在土槽中试验测定不同角度开沟器的受力情况以及开沟后的土壤扰动情况.试验结果表明:不同角度开沟器对侧向力和垂直反力的影响不大,对前进阻力有明显影响,开沟器的入土隙角在5°左右时有最小的前进阻力,有侧翼的开沟器比无翼的前进阻力增加了17%,但地表土壤扰动不明显.有前刀的开沟器比无前刀的前进阻力降低了27.3%,而且地表的土壤扰动明显降低.因此,在设计开沟器时必须考虑到有较小的入土角、入土隙角以及锋利的前刀,以降低前进阻力,这为新型开沟器主要参数的选取提供了试验数据和依据.     

水库下游居民风险承受能力模糊综合评价

构建了水库下游居民风险承受能力指标体系,采用熵权系数法对风险承受能力进行模糊综合评价.结合陕西省西安市石砭峪水库下游居民调查实例,通过熵权系数法对各评价指标赋值,利用加权平均模糊合成算子得出评价结论,调查地区水库下游居民风险承受能力等级为"中",针对评价结果给出了提高水库下游居民风险承受能力的具体建议.     

Transpositional feeding rhythm of loach <Emphasis Type="Italic">Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</Emphasis> from larvae to juveniles and its ontogenesis under artificial rearing conditions

The diel feeding rhythm and ontogenesis during early life stage of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated under experimental conditions (light: L 06:00–18:00, D 18:00–06:00 h). Morphological and behavioral developments of loach from newly hatched to 40 days after hatching were observed. Larvae were able to prey on daphnia 3–4 days after hatching at 23 ± 0.5°C. As the larvae grew, they showed an increasing feeding capacity and a distinct feeding rhythm. Feeding intensity and incidence for day-4 larvae were highest at 10:00 and 16:00 h. The highest levels of feeding intensity for day-12 larvae occurred at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h as did feeding incidence. By day 20, when the larvae metamorphosed, the highest levels of feeding intensity occurred at 06:00, 18:00, and 24:00 h and were concurrent with the highest feeding incidence. After metamorphosis, feeding capacity had again increased considerably and, in contrast to the earlier stages before day 20, feeding intensity for day-30 juveniles peaked at 05:00 and 20:00 h, about 1–2 h after the maximum feeding incidence. The feeding rhythm of loach juveniles at day 40 was almost the same as the day-30 juveniles. The estimated maximum daily feeding rates were 43.1%, 33.4%, 19.0%, 12.8%, and 5.8% of body weight on days 4, 12, 20, 30, and 40, respectively. Thus, loach was found to have different feeding rhythms in the pre- and post-metamorphosis stages, with the highest feeding activity in daytime during the larval planktonic stage before metamorphosis, and intensely nocturnal feeding behavior during the juvenile benthic stage after metamorphosis.     

东兰县林地质量等级划分及其管理

利用数量化理论Ⅰ模型和土壤类型、土层厚度、海拔高度、坡度、坡向、坡位、石砾含量等7个因子和交通区位因素,对东兰县林地质量等级进行了划分,结果显示东兰县林地质量可分为5级,各级林地面积及其占林地总面积的比例分别为Ⅰ级2 343.3m2、1.2%,Ⅱ级23 622.0hm2、12.5%,III级87101.6hm2、46.2%,IV级45 176.0hm2、24.0%,Ⅴ级30 223.6hm2、16.1%,提出了不同等级林地的相应培育方向和管理措施。