Ascorbate levels and the activity of key enzymes in ascorbate biosynthesis and recycling in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars

The objective of this study was to determine diversities of ascorbic acid (AsA) and activities of enzymes involved in AsA metabolism, and to determine their relationships to AsA content in the leaves of Chinese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars. Results showed that there were huge differences not only in the contents of AsA and glutathione (GSH) but also in the enzyme activities of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH, EC 1.3.2.3), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars. Control of AsA levels mainly depended on the capacity for biosynthesis and GLDH activity played a main role in determining AsA levels in the leaves of persimmon. Both MDHAR and DHAR, MDHAR in particular, also played an important role in maintaining AsA redox state by reducing oxidized AsA back to AsA. But contents of GSH and hydrogen peroide (H₂O₂) and activity of APX were not significantly correlated with AsA content in the leaves of persimmon.     

Initiation and development of microspore embryogenesis in recalcitrant purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. purpurea Hort.) genotypes

Purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var.purpurea Hort.) was generally regarded as a recalcitrant species for microspore culture in Brassica crops. Conditions for reliable induction of microspore embryogenesis were studied in 12 genotypes of purple flowering stalk. A treatment of short heat shock to microspore by incubating at 32 °C for 18 h was suitable for the survival of microspores, sustained cell divisions, and further induced embryogenesis. Subsequently, the reduced concentration of macro salts (1/2 NLN) provided an optimal condition for the development of embryoids. Under the optimized conditions for microspore embryoid development, 10 genotypes responded to microspore culture with the frequencies ranging from 2.7 to 70.5 embryoids per dish. However, regenerated plants were obtained from 9 genotypes, and more than 75% these regenerated plants were double haploid. This report establishes an efficient protocol for microspore culture and offers great potential for DH breeding in purple flowering stalk.     

甘蔗品质自动分析系统V1.0版的设计与功能

从数据管理模块、数据查询模块、Excel输出模块、打印报表模块、分析图模块介绍了甘蔗品质分析系统的功能内容,同时也介绍计算机信息技术在甘蔗品质检测中的应用优势,为甘蔗品质自动分析系统相关软件的设计提供理论依据。     

基于控制局域网的拖拉机液压悬挂电控系统

根据拖拉机悬挂系统机电液一体化的控制方式要求,以单片机C8051F040/1为主控制器,设计了基于CAN总线的拖拉机电控液压悬挂电子控制系统,开发了系统的CAN网络、硬件电路、软件程序,提出了控制系统的CAN传输信息帧的身份码(ID)和数据的编写方式,并实现了通过CAN网络对拖拉机悬挂的操作以及对其工作状态的监测与调控.     

热激法修饰瑞士乳杆菌的参数优化与特性研

采用不同热处理温度(67、70℃)与时间(10、15、20 s)对瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)进行热激修饰,研究处理前后与干酪加工相关的菌体特性.同时对热激修饰条件参数进行优化.研究结果表明,菌体经70℃、10 s热激处理后,菌体存活率、动态产酸能力、蛋白水解能力等指标符合热激要求,经修饰后的菌株适宜作为于酪促熟酶源.采用扫描电镜对细菌表面微观结构的观察结果表明.热激处理使菌体形态、膜表面发生明显改变,菌体表面发生萎缩、褶皱与底端溶解等变化.     

2BYS—6型水田中耕除草机设计与试验

简述了2BYS-6型水田中耕除草机的结构、工作原理及关键部件的设计,对该机旋转除草和摆动除草两种工作部件运动作了理论分析.田间试验结果表明:该机用于机插秧水稻田除草行间杂草平均除净率(相对除净率)78.1%,中耕深度4.39 cm,作物损伤率不大于6.89%.     

水稻种绳直播机对地表不平度的动态响

为了探索水稻种绳直播机对地表不平度激励的适应性,进行了动态模拟试验.根据样机的结构特点,设计了由角位移传感器、数据采集卡和计算机等构成的地表不平度检测系统.检测了由旋耕形成的原始地表不平度和经过种绳直播机作业后形成的地表不平度,应用Matlab软件对信号进行了时域和频域分析.应用等同法建立了系统的传递函数,分析了系统的动态特性.研究结果表明,由种绳直播机和土壤等构成的土壤-机器系统是一个具有一阶惯性特征的线性系统.系统的响应速度、频带宽度和覆土厚度等性能指标能够满足农业技术要求.     

发酵方法对柿果醋中香气成分的影

采用顶空固相微萃取法、结合气相色谱质谱联用技术,对自然发酵和常规发酵柿果醋中香气成分进行了分离与分析比较,分别从2种柿果醋中分离鉴定出挥发性化合物63种,均含有酯类、羧酸类、醇类、烃类、醛酮类、酚类及少量其他化合物.常规发酵柿果醋香气成分中含有酯类33.78%、醇类32.38%和烃类1.08%,高于自然发酵柿果醋的含量;自然发酵柿果醋香气成分中含有羧酸类61.25%、醛酮类9.66%和酚类6.13%,高于常规发酵柿果醋的含量.采用常规发酵法生产的柿果醋具有较好的感官质量.     

高精度气动比例压力阀设计与特性分析

设计了一种两级阀芯活塞式结构的以比例电磁铁为控制元件,采用电反馈闭环控制的高精度气动比例压力阀。该阀输出压力在0.6MPa内连续可调,且稳态精度可达0.25 kPa。建立了比例阀完整的非线性动态模型,分析了主要物理和几何参数对系统动态特性和控制性能的影响;构建了输出因子调整的模糊自适应比例加积分控制器,并利用ATmega16单片机实现了压力在设定范围内的快速高精度控制。实验结果表明,该阀在设计压力范围内具有良好的压力和流量特性;和传统PI算法相比,输出因子调整的模糊自适应算法在改善系统响应和控制稳定性的同时,显著提高了稳态控制精度,具有较高的效率和鲁棒性。     

温室轴流风送药雾靶标沉积试验

为研究药液雾滴在温室靶区内和植株靶标上的沉积量及分布情况,以炮塔式压力雾化轴流风送高压静电喷雾系统为试验平台,在相同风机频率、喷雾压力和喷雾流量条件下,通过改变喷头高度和静电电压对风送药雾进行靶标沉积试验和分析.结果表明:沿风送轴线上距喷头150～200cm靶区内的药雾沉积量都出现一个沉积高峰区;随着静电电压的增大,植株靶标上的药雾沉积量明显增加,荷电后的药液雾滴在风送射程和喷幅内的靶标沉积率显著提高.根据实际喷施作业目标,合理布置喷头高度和调节合适电压,是增加靶标沉积率的重要手段.