A Study on the Method of Time-Resource Optimization of Engineering Projects

This paper investigates the coordinated operation of the progress planning with the resource planning when carrying out engineering projects and puts forward a method of "RSM" under the resource limit conditions. Then, the "RSM" was improved to avoid complicated calculation. This method not only reduces the calculating work by hand but saves computer's memory as well, making the time-resource optimization work more quick and convenient.     

生菜切块充气贮藏条件的研究

用23种不同的充气条件研究生菜切块的贮藏效果,通过感官质量评价和化学分析,观察颜色的变化、褐变程度及维生素C和叶绿素含量的差异,结果表明,采用O_2 20％+CO_240％+N_2 40％的贮藏条件是比较合适的.在上述条件及5℃的情况下,生菜切块的有效贮藏期大约在12～15d之间,这一结果在商业上有一定的实用价值.     

PEG处理对提高一串红种子活力的研究

本文以优，中，劣三个活力不等的一串红种子为材料，研究了PEG不同浓度和不同处理时间对种子发芽率的影响，结果表明，（1）PEG可明显改善中，低活力种子细胞膜透性，显著提高种子发芽率；（2）劣质一串红种子，用25%PEG处理1天或10%处理4天，其发芽率比对照提高16.12倍，19.2倍，中等活力一串红种子用10%PEG处理1天较佳；而优良种子经过处理，反而效果不好。     

浅圆仓不同功率风机通风试验研究

利用2.2kW的轴流风机组与7.5kW的离心风机组,对两个浅圆仓进行通风降温,经对比试验,在储粮数量、储粮品种、入仓时间、入仓质量、粮情状况等基本相同的浅圆仓中,当降温效果基本相同时,2.2kW的轴流风机组通风时间较长,7.5kW离心风机组降温效果较快,但水损较多,2.2kW的轴流风机组通风耗能较低,吨粮降温成本较低。     

Marker-assisted backcross selection in an interspecific <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis</Emphasis> population broadens the genetic base of cucumber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis sativus</Emphasis> L.)

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a major cucurbit vegetable species whose genetic base has been drastically reduced during its domestication. The crop’s narrow genetic base (3–12% DNA polymorphism) has resulted from the use of limited genetic material and intense selection during plant improvement. Recently, however, interspecific hybridization has been successful in Cucumis via mating of C. hystrix Chakr. and C. sativus, which resulted in the amphidiploid C. hytivus. We report herein a marker-assisted strategy for increasing genetic diversity in cucumber through introgression backcrossing employing C. hytivus. The comparatively late-flowering but high-yielding, indeterminate, monoecious line WI 7012A (P₁; donor parent) derived from a C. hytivus × C. sativus-derived line (long-fruited Chinese C. sativus cv. Beijingjietou) was initially crossed to the determinate, gynoecious C. sativus line WI 7023A (P₂; recurrent parent 1), and then advanced backcross generation progeny (BC₂) were crossed with the gynoecious indeterminate line WI 9-6A (P₃; recurrent parent 2). More specifically, a single F₁ individual (P₁ × P₂) was backcrossed to P₂, and then BC progeny were crossed to P₂ and P₃, where marker-assisted selection (MAS) for genetic diversity (8 mapped and 16 unmapped markers; designated Sel) or no selection (designated NSel) was applied to produce BC₃P₂ (Sel) and BC₃P₃ (Sel), and BC₂P₂ (NSel) and BC₂P₂S₁ (NSel) progeny. Relative vegetative growth, number of lateral branches (LB), days to flowering (DF), yield (fruit number), and fruit quality [as measured by length:diameter (L:D) and endocarp:total diameter (E:T) ratios] were assessed in parents and cross-progeny. DF varied from ~20 (BC₃P₂Sel) to ~25 days (BC₂P₃Sel) among the populations examined, where progeny derived from P₂ possessed the shortest DF. Differences in cumulative yield among the populations over six harvests were detected, varying from ~8 fruits per plant in BC₃P₂ (Sel) to ~39 fruits per plant in BC₂P₃ (Sel). Although the vigorous vegetative growth of line P₁ was observed in its backcross progeny, highly heterozygous and polymorphic backcross progeny derived from P₃ were comparatively more vigorous and bore many high-quality fruit. Response to selection was detected for LB, DF, L:D, and E:T, but the effectiveness of MAS depended upon the parental lines used. Data indicate that the genetic diversity of commercial cucumber can be increased by introgression of the C. hystrix genome through backcrossing.     

NaCl和Na2CO3胁迫对盐爪爪种子萌发过程中生理生化变化的研究

以盐生植物盐爪爪种子为材料,比较不同浓度中性盐(NaCl)和碱性盐(Na2 CO3)胁迫对其种子萌发过程中生理指标的影响.结果表明,0～100 mmol/L NaC1处理后盐爪爪萌发种子中丙二醛含量无显著变化,而0～100 mmol/L Na2CO3处理后丙二醛含量显著升高;NaCl处理的萌发种子中可溶性糖变化较平稳且呈现上升趋势,Na2CO3处理的种子可溶性糖先升高后降低;0～ 100 mmol/L NaCl处理后盐爪爪萌发种子中脯氨酸含量基本保持不变,而0～100 mmol/L Na2CO3处理后脯氨酸含量急剧上升;NaCl处理后可溶性蛋白上升幅度大于Na2CO3处理后上升幅度,二者的差异达到极显著水平.研究发现,盐爪爪种子萌发对于低浓度中性盐(NaCl)胁迫具有较强的耐性和抗性,而在碱性盐(Na2CO3)的胁迫下其萌芽受到一定的抑制.     

同核异质滇I型粳稻不育系及其保持系的光合特性

滇I型不育系和保持系是我国粳稻杂种优势利用最主要的技术体系之一。本研究利用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统测定了79对滇I型同核异质粳稻不育系及保持系上三叶的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂ 浓度(C_i)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、水分利用效率(WUE)、气孔限制值(L_s)和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)。结果表明,不育系间及保持系间的光合参数在3个叶位上都达到了极显著水平,基因型间的这种显著差异为高光效育种提供了宝贵的遗传基础。同一叶位上不育系与保持系间的光合参数具有显著的正相关。除SPAD值外,其他光合参数值在不育系与保持系间没有显著差异,但不育系的SPAD值显著大于保持系。叶绿素相对含量不是粳稻提高光合作用的限制因子;滇I型细胞质对光合作用没有负效应;利用滇I型细胞质转育的不育系的叶绿素含量很可能有所提高。基于剑叶光合参数值对保持系及不育系的聚类,不育系和保持系可分别分为高和较低光合速率的类型。本研究为滇I型不育系的高光效育种提供了理论基础,也可作为杂交粳稻高光效的理论参考。     

鸢尾种质资源抗旱性综合评价及生理机制研究

以8种鸢尾属植物为试验材料,采用盆栽自然持续控水,设置0 d(田间持水量的80%～85%)、7 d(田间持水量的70%～75%)、14 d(田间持水量的60%～65%)、21 d(田间持水量的40%～45%)和28 d(田间持水量的20%～25%)等5个干旱处理,基于主成分分析结合隶属函数值对参试鸢尾进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明,与对照相比,处理28 d时多数鸢尾的叶长、叶鲜重和干重均有不同程度减少,且叶鲜重下降显著。土壤干旱对鸢尾生长指标影响表现为:叶鲜重、叶长、叶干重;干旱胁迫下,不同抗旱指标所反映鸢尾属植物的抗旱性结果不同,且部分指标之间呈显著相关;抗旱性综合评价结果表明,扁竹花、德国鸢尾、蝴蝶花抗旱能力较强。细胞膜透性(CMP)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性可作为鸢尾属植物抗旱性的重要筛选指标。研究表明,当土壤含水量为田间持水量的60%～65%时,抗旱能力较强的扁竹花、德国鸢尾和蝴蝶花生理状况较好。因此,3种鸢尾在园林应用时可将灌水量控制在田间持水量的60%～65%,以达到节水栽培的目的。     

耕作模式对土壤生物活性与养分有效性及冬小麦产量的影响

为探讨长期玉米秸秆还田下不同耕作模式对土壤生化性状及冬小麦产量的影响,从2011年10月至2016年6月连续5个冬小麦生长季进行田间定位试验。设4个耕作处理,分别是连续旋耕秸秆不还田(RT)、连续旋耕秸秆还田(RS)、连续深耕秸秆还田(DS)及前2年旋耕秸秆还田第3年深耕秸秆还田(TS)。与RT相比,连续5年秸秆还田显著提高0~10、10~20和20~30 cm土层土壤有机碳、无机氮、速效磷、速效钾含量;土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、硝酸还原酶和蔗糖酶活性及土壤微生物多样性分别提高23.1%~59.3%、13.2%~40.7%、14.1%~28.8%、10.9%~19.5%和31.9%~42.5%。秸秆还田使各土层变形菌门、硝化螺旋菌门及放线菌门的相对丰度显著提高,而酸杆菌门相对丰度则显著降低。与DS及TS相比,RS显著提高0~10 cm土层土壤养分状况及生物活性,10~30 cm土层则显著降低。连续旋耕至第3年,无论秸秆还田与否,小麦均表现减产;DS与TS处理则表现持续增产,平均年增产3.2%和3.9%。本研究表明在黄淮海东部地区,秸秆还田条件下,2年旋耕后接1年深耕的耕作模式有助于改善耕层土壤质量和提高冬小麦生产力。     

北京种业“育种+服务”双核战略

针对北京种业发展现状以及存在的问题,本研究提出应实施"育种+服务"双核战略,在种业价值链的育种环节、服务环节上下功夫。本研究中还构建了"育种+服务"双核战略的不同模型,分别就"育种"、"服务"的战略实施,提出了几点改进的建议。