陕甘宁老区脆弱生态环境定量评价——以榆林、延安两市为例

位于黄土高原中部的陕甘宁老区生态环境极为脆弱 ,近年来由于气候、人类开发资源等自然和人为原因 ,使生态环境的脆弱程度升高。选定年降水量、年均温、蒸发量等 8个指标 ,定量评价各县 1 970 - 2 0 0 0年的脆弱度状况 ,结果表明榆林、延安两市生态环境整体脆弱 ,脆弱度存在空间差异但差异不明显 ,时间段上的波动幅度不大。陕甘宁老区脆弱生态环境具有不稳定性 ,对外界干扰较敏感。     

应用Nested PCR技术检测柑桔木虱及其寄主九里香的柑桔黄龙病带菌率

应用PCR及Nested PCR技术检测柑桔木虱及其寄主九里香的结果表明:PCR只可检测最低2头带菌木虱,Nested PCR可检测到单个带菌木虱。100头带菌木虱中,单虫检出率为96％。检测田间重、中等、轻病的柑桔园内的木虱,其带菌率依次为87％、53％和21％。在病芦柑上饲菌不同天数的木虱均能检测出带菌,其饲菌时间最短为1d。城市九里香叶片及在其叶上取食的木虱单虫,均能用Nested PCR检测出病原。饲菌木虱接种九里香及芦柑健苗,在植株尚未表现症状时,常规PCR难检测出病原,但用Nested PCR则能检测到病原,说明九里香不仅是木虱的寄主,而且是黄龙病病原的隐症寄主。     

灰树花不同菌株液体深层培养蛋白质含量的测定

在液体培养条件下测定了发酵液中5个灰树花菌株蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明，接种后第6天发酵液中蛋白质含量最高，Gf961菌株发酵液中的蛋白质含量为0.58%，Gf962菌株发酵液中的蛋白质含量最低，为0.30%，随着培养时间的延长，发酵液中蛋白质含量逐渐下降，接种后第9天最低，随后以呈上升趋势。但上升的幅度较小。试验为确定从发酵液中提取蛋白质的最佳时期提供了一定的理论依据。     

Effect of Jiawei Sini Decoction on glucocorticoid receptor in thymocytes of chronic psychological stress rats

AIM: To observe the effect of Jiawei Sini Decoction (JWSND) on glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) in thymocytes of chronic psychological stress rats. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, control group (C), model group (M), group treated by JWSND C₁, group treated by ginsenosides C₂. The number of thymocyte GCR sites and the GCR nuclear thanslocation rate were detected by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, in the model group, the thymocyte weight index lowered significantly ( P<0.05 ), and the GCR nuclear thanslocation rate was increased significantly ( P<0.01 ), but the number of thymocyte GCR sites was unchanged. Compared with the model group, thymus gland weight indexes of C₁ and C₂ were increased significantly ( P<0.05 ), while the GCR nuclear thanslocation rate lowered significantly ( P<0.01 ). Moreover, no significant difference was found in all indexes between C₁ and control group. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect of glucocorticoid on the thymus could be significantly reversed by JWSND via suppressing the thanslocation of GCR from cytoplasm to nucleus in chronic psychological stress rats.     

Effects of riboflavin and ascorbic acid on apoptosis and proliferative inhibition of mouse thymocytes induced by deoxynivalenol in vivo

AIM: To explore the effects of riboflavin and ascorbic acid on the apoptosis induced by deoxynivalenol(DON) in mouse thymocytes. METHODS: The effects of riboflavin and ascorbic acid on the apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of thymocytes induced by DON in KM mice were studied with animal experiment, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometric DNA content analysis. RESULTS: Apoptosis rate of thymocytes in DON (4 mg/kg) treated group was13.73%±15.3% The percentages of apoptosis in riboflavin (1.25 mg/kg-10mg/kg) and ascorbic acid (25 mg/kg-100mg/kg) pretreated thymocytes groups were significantly lower than that in DON group (P <0.05). The result of DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the characteristic ladder pattern of apoptosis was found in DON-treated thymocytes, but not in control and riboflavin pretreatment and ascorbic acid pretreatment groups The significant differences in proliferation index were not found among DON-treated thymocytes and riboflavin and ascorbic acid-pretreated thymocytes CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with riboflavin and ascorbic acid inhibit apoptosis of mouse thymocytes induced by DON in certain extent and have no effect on proliferation inhibition by DON.     

蛹虫草人工优质高产栽培技术研究

本试验通过对四个人工分离蛹虫草品种的菌丝体生长情况、子实体产量进行对比分析，结果显示：沈阳人工分离种（S）为优质品种，武汉（W）、河南（H）、北京（B）种为淘汰种。以大米加4个蚕蛹为基质的培养基子实体生物学效率最高；液体菌种生长周期短，生物学效率较高。     

典型光活化毒素α-三噻吩对棉铃虫和亚洲玉米螟Na~+-K~+-ATPase的抑制作用

以棉铃虫 H elicoverpa armigera和亚洲玉米螟 Ostrinia furnacalis为试虫 ,建立 Na+- K+-ATPase最佳反应系统 ,研究典型光活化毒素 α-三噻吩 (简称 α- T)对 Na+- K+- ATPase的影响。棉铃虫 Na+- K+- ATPase活力最佳测试条件为酶源蛋白浓度 6μg/ m L ,反应温度 35～ 4 0℃ ,反应时间6min;亚洲玉米螟则为酶源蛋白浓度 8μg/ m L,反应温度 35℃ ,反应时间 6min。近紫外光照 (30 0～4 0 0 nm )对棉铃虫和亚洲玉米螟离体 Na+- K+- ATPase活力基本没有影响 ,但对活体活力有很强的抑制作用。光照和无光照条件下 ,α- T对两种昆虫离体和活体 Na+- K+- ATPase活力均有不同程度的抑制作用。光照组 α- T对亚洲玉米螟 Na+- K+- ATPase的抑制率高于无光照组 ,且处理浓度或剂量越高 ,其抑制率越大 ;对棉铃虫 Na+- K+- ATPase抑制作用不显著     

乳猪体内糖类的消化和吸收研究

乳猪小肠内葡萄糖的分布状况既与饲料的碳水化合物种类和数量相关，也与小肠的不同部位相关，十二指肠段和空肠段分别是乳糖、淀粉类碳水化合物分解和葡萄糖吸收的主要部位血糖浓度离肝脏越远含量越低，而与饲料中糖类含量的多少无关。     

小麦抗叶锈基因Lr 38的AFLP标记

 小麦叶锈病是小麦的重要病害之一,几乎在所有小麦种植区都有发生,严重时可造成5%~15%甚至更大的产量损失^[1]。小麦抗叶锈基因Lr38发现位于中间偃麦草(Agropyron intermedium)第7组的一条染色体上,并被标定在6 DL上^[2],是抗性很强的抗叶锈病基因,国内外至今尚未发现对Lr38有毒性的菌株,是一个应用潜力很大的抗病基因。     

Effects of 11, 12-EET and ischemic preconditioning on phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK during ischemia and reperfusion in rat myocardium

AIM: In order to study the relationship between the ERK and p38 MAPK activation and the protection of 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11, 12-EET) and ischemia preconditioning (IP), the effects of 11, 12-EET and ischemic preconditioning on phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK during ischemia and reperfusion in rat myocardium were examined. METHODS: The rat heart was subjected to ischemia for 5 min by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion for 5 min (two times) to undergo ischemia preconditioning. The rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) control; (2) sham group; (3) ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, in which the rat heart suffered from 60 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion; (4) IP plus I/R group; (5) EET plus I/R group, in which 6.28×10^-8 mol/L 11, 12-EET was injected intravenously 20 min before I/R. The heart function was examined, and phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: At 30 min reperfusion, +dp/dt_max, -dp/dt_max and LVDP decreased significantly in I/R group compared with sham group, IP plus I/R group and EET plus I/R group; Phosphorylated ERK1/2 level was higher in I/R group than sham group, but was lower in I/R group than IP plus I/R group and EET plus I/R group; Phosphorylated p38 MAPK level was lower in control, sham, IP plus I/R and EET plus I/R group than I/R group. CONCLUSION: 11,12-EET protects rat heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury, the mechanism may be related to activation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of p38 MAPK.